Study purpose, design and subjects

StudyPurposeDesignSubjects
McDowell et al., 2015 [28]To investigate fecal incontinence in a patient with MS receiving dry needle therapyCase reportn = 1, 57-year-old female patient with MS diagnosed in 1981
Miller et al., 2022 [27]To investigate the effect of a combination of intramuscular electrical stimulation using the dry needles and treadmill therapy supplemented with functional electrical stimulation on gait, spasticity, fatigue and muscle strengthPretest–posttest quasi-experimental designn = 16, mean age = 47.9 ± 10, diagnosed with relapsing remitting, primary progressive or secondary progressive MS
Luque-Moreno et al., 2020 [26]To investigate the effects of deep dry needling technique on spasticity, pain and range of motion (ROM) in a patient with secondary progressive MSCase report

n = 1, 35-year-old female patient was diagnosed as relapsing remitting in 2009 and transformed into secondary progressive form in 2013, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score = 6.5

Khalifeloo et al., 2022 [29]To investigate the immediate effects of dry needling on spasticity and mobility in a female patient with MSCase reportn = 1, 38-year-old female patient treated for MS for 4 years, EDSS Score = 5.5
Javier-Ormazábal et al., 2023 [25]To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation on grip strength and hand functionCase reportn = 1, 51-year-old male patient diagnosed with MS in 2007
Del Pilar Pérez-Trujillo et al., 2021 [24]To examine the effectiveness of dry needling in the treatment of spasticity in MS patientsPretest–posttest quasi-experimental designn = 12, 3 males, mean disease age = 13 years, patients with EDSS scores higher than 2.5
León et al., 2023 [30]To evaluate the effect of dry needling on spasticity measured by the rate-dependent depression (RDD) of the Hoffman (H) reflex in an MS PatientCase reportn = 1, 48-year-old male with MS for 25-year