Table Info

Table 1.

The efficacy of DN in spasticity, post-stroke pain, functional outcome, balance, tremor, and imaging measures

Parameter	Efficacy
Spasticity	Improved spasticity as measured by MMAS
Post-stroke pain	Reduced post-stroke pain including post-stroke shoulder pain (low evidence)
Functional outcome	Improvement in Timed Up and Go test, Ten Meter Walk Test, Barthel Index, and passive range of motion Improved outcome in sensory and range of motion subscales in Fugl-Meyer Scale
Balance	Improved single-leg stance Improved balance subscale in Fugl-Meyer Scale Improved balance and accuracy in dynamic posturography
Tremor	Improved postural and functional components of tremor
Muscular architecture	Decrease in the pennation angle and mean muscle thickness

Declarations

Author contributions

NS: conception of the article, design of the work, literature review and search, organization, analysis and interpretation of the literature and data, manuscript write up and manuscript revision. GR: literature review and search, organization, analysis and interpretation of the literature and data, manuscript write up, and manuscript revision. Both authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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