Efficacy of DHA and EPA supplementation during pregnancy: insights from clinical trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies
Study/Analysis type
Key findings
Participants
DHA dosage
Outcomes
Limitations
References
DOMINO trial (RCT)
Investigated DHA (800 mg) + EPA (100 mg) supplementation. Significant reductions in preterm births, low birth weight, and perinatal deaths. Cognitive benefits were observed in offspring, but no reduction in postpartum depression.
2,399 pregnant women
800 mg DHA + 100 mg EPA
51% reduction in preterm births < 34 weeks, 35% reduction in low birth weight, mean birth weight increased by 68 grams, 3 perinatal deaths in supplementation group vs. 12 in placebo, no increase in bleeding complications.
Primary endpoint (postpartum depression) not met; mixed results in cognitive development.
Analyzed 70 RCTs (19,927 participants). Found modest effects on preterm births and low birth weight. No significant improvement in cognitive development or perinatal mortality.
19,927 participants
Varies
42% reduction in preterm births < 34 weeks, minor reductions in low birth weight, and neonatal care needs. No significant effects on perinatal mortality or cognitive development.
Limited evidence for cognitive development benefits; variability in trial designs and results.
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