Table Info

Table 2.

Mutational analysis of the N-terminus of Bax in yeast and mammalian models [121, 126, 133, 134]

Sequence	Protein	Binding to mitochondria		Cytochrome c release
Sequence	Protein	Yeast	Mammals	Yeast	Mammals
(1) Role of ART and Proline residues at positions 8 and 13
-P₈RGGGP₁₃-	full length Bax	+/−	+/−	+/−	+/−
-P₈RGGGP₁₃-	BaxΨ/ΔART	+++	+++	+++	+++
-G₈RGGGG₁₃-	ART mutant	+++	n.d.	+++	n.d.
-V₈RGGGV₁₃-	ART mutant	n.d.	+++	n.d.	+++
-V₈RGGGP₁₃-	ART mutant	n.d.	+/−	n.d.	+/−
-P₈RGGGV₁₃-	ART mutant	n.d.	+++	n.d.	+++
(2) Role of helix α1
-A₂₄LLL₂₇-	BaxΨ/ΔART	+++	+++	+++	+++
	BaxΨ/ΔART ΔHα1	n.d.	−	n.d.	−
-R₂₄LLL₂₇-	BaxΨ/ΔART Hα1 mutant	+	−	+	−
-A₂₄LGV₂₇-	BaxΨ/ΔART Hα1 mutant	+++	−	+++	−
(3) Interaction between ART and BH2 (helix α7/8)
-P₈RGGGP₁₃- -I₁₅₂QDQG₁₅₆-	full length human Bax	+/−	+/−	+/−	+/−
-P₈EGGGP₁₃- -I₁₅₂QDQG₁₅₆-	ART mutant	+++	n.d.	+++	n.d.
-P₈RGGGP₁₃- -I₁₅₂QKQG₁₅₆-	BH2 mutant	+++	n.d.	+++	n.d.
-P₈EGGGP₁₃- -I₁₅₂QKQG₁₅₆-	ART mutant BH2 mutant	−	n.d.	−	n.d.

(1) The substitution of prolines 8 and 13, like the complete deletion of the 20 N-terminal residues, increase Bax binding and activity both in yeast and mammals; (2) substitutions in helix α1 decrease the binding of BaxΨ in mammals. The decrease is partly visible in yeast; (3) individual point mutations inverting charges in ART and in BH2 induce stimulation of Bax in yeast, but a double charge change revert to the wild-type behavior of Bax, suggesting the existence of an interaction between charged residues in these two domains, stabilizing the inactive conformation. Bold residues indicate mutations. −: inactive; n.d.: not determined; +/−: poorly active; +: active; +++: strongly active

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The work done in the lab of the author has been supported by the CNRS, the Université de Bordeaux, and the Ligue Régionale contre le Cancer. The author thanks all his present and former students and colleagues for these studies, namely Nadine Camougrand, Muriel Priault, Hubert Arokium, Ingrid Bhatia-Kiššová, Thibaud Renault, Dario Trindade, Lilit Simonyan and Akandé Rouchidane Eyitayo.

Author contributions

The author contributed solely to the work.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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