Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy

Table 1. Pros and cons of liquid biopsy in biliary tract cancers

Pros	Cons
Minimally invasive, lower risk of complications Requires only a blood sample, reducing the risk associated with invasive procedures, and the delay.	Dependency on DNA shedding and tumor burden Limited efficacy in localized disease.
Real-time monitoring of secondary mutations Allows for frequent testing to monitor treatment response and disease progression.	Technical challenges Requires highly sensitive and specific assays, which are still under development and standardization.
Captures tumor heterogeneity Can detect multiple genetic alterations from different tumor sites, providing a comprehensive genetic profile.	Limited comprehensive data Does not provide histological information, which is essential for certain diagnostic and treatment decisions.
Faster turnaround time Results can often be obtained more quickly than traditional biopsies, facilitating timely clinical decisions.	Higher costs and limited availability Advanced technologies required may be expensive and not widely accessible in all healthcare settings.

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Declarations

Author contributions

JG: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. HM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

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Consent to publication

Not applicable

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

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