Table Info

Table 1.

Timeline of key milestones and technological advances in neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy

Year	Milestone	Impact on cancer research	Key technologies	Therapeutic applications	References
1950s	Immune recognition of carcinogen-induced tumors	Role of immune system in tumor detection	None	Early understanding	[32, 33]
1980s	T cell recognition of neoantigens in mice	Cellular immune mechanisms	Murine models	None	[14, 34]
1990s	Confirmed neoantigen reactivity in mice	Evidence for tumor-specific immune responses	Murine models	None	[35, 36]
1990s	Neoantigen reactivity in human cancers	Broadened immune detection	Human tumor models	None	[13]
2000s	Neoantigen reactivity in CD4+ T cells	Identified immune cell responses	Flow cytometry	None	[37]
2000s	Identified neoantigen-reactive T cells in melanoma patients	Enhanced clinical relevance	Flow cytometry	None	[38, 39]
2000s	Neoantigen reactivity over shared antigens	Clarified neoantigen advantage	Human tumor models	None	[40]
2010s	NGS for immunogenic neoantigen identification	Accelerated antigen discovery	NGS	None	[41, 42]
2010s	NGS for neoantigen-reactive T cells in melanoma	Mapped T cell specificity	NGS, flow cytometry	None	[43, 44]
2010s	Neoantigen-based adoptive cell therapy in GI cancer	First clinical application	NGS, adoptive cell therapy	GI cancer treatment	[45, 46]
2010s	Personalized neoantigen vaccines for melanoma	Pioneered patient-specific vaccines	NGS, peptide synthesis	Melanoma treatment	[47, 48]
2010s	KRAS neoantigen adoptive cell therapy in colorectal cancer	Targeted oncogene mutations	NGS, adoptive cell therapy	Colorectal cancer treatment	[49, 50]
2010s	Personalized neoantigen peptide and RNA vaccines	Advanced specificity and delivery methods	NGS, RNA technology	Multiple tumor types	[51, 52]

NGS: next-generation sequencing; GI: gastrointestinal

Declarations

Author contributions

MMN: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. OAA: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SG: Writing—original draft. VB: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.

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