Potential aids of immunopeptidomics to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies
| Immunotherapy | Limitation and drawbacks | Potential immunopeptidomics aids |
|---|---|---|
| Peptide-based cancer vaccines | The diversity of MHC genetics and binding of antigenic peptides must be specific, the binding, consequently, can elicit the T-cell response [73]. | Design of synthetic peptides directly from patients [74]. |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitors | Low neoantigen burden, low expression of immune checkpoint, and MHC deficiency may reduce the efficacy. Prediction of neoantigen uses only WES, which does not exactly correlate with pMHC [75]. | Combination the treatment with personalized peptide-based vaccines or other cancer treatments and use of immunopeptidome for predictive biomarkers [76]. |
| Oncolytic viruses | Difficulties in delivering the viral particles to the tumors, viral tropism targeting to the tumor, defense of cancer innate immune, OVs cannot sufficiently elicit T-cell response because of tumor heterogeneity [77, 78]. | Identification of personalized pMHC and coat on OV capsid with personalized antigenic peptides for incline elicit T-cell response [41]. |
| Chimeric T-cells (CAR T-cell) | CAR cannot recognize neoantigens derived intracellular mutated proteins [50]. | Increase of CAR to visualize neoantigens intracellular proteins by discovery of personalized MHC ligandome [48]. |
WES: whole exome sequencing
SP: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. NK: Conceptualization, Visualization. PS: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. SR: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. YM: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. KP: Writing—review & editing. ST: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
© The Author(s) 2024.