Table Info

Table 5.

Interplay between ISG15/ISGylation and cancer therapy

Therapy type	Cancer cells	The described role of ISG15 in cancer therapy	Reference
Chemotherapy	A549 lung cancer cells	Resistance to cisplatin is observed due to the silencing of ISG15 The reparation of cisplatin-damaged DNA in A549 cells reduces ISG15 expression	[109]
Chemotherapy and targeted therapy	Ovarian cancer cells	Wild-type ISG15 overexpression (but not mutant ISG15 that is incapable of ISGylation) decreases ABCC2 protein levels, sensitizing resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin	[110]
Chemotherapy and targeted therapy	SFT	The expression of CSC-related genes is decreased by ISG15 downregulation, resulting in increased cell death in 3D cultures after doxorubicin, pazopanib, or trabectedin treatment	[111]
Chemotherapy and radiation	NPC cells	In vivo tumorigenicity and resistance to radiation and DDP by ISG15 overexpression	[74]
Radiotherapy	Chronic myeloid leukemia and colorectal carcinoma	Cytokines and antigen presentation-associated proteins can be the target of ISGylation. Hence, the downregulation of USP18 enhances the response of CTLs, and cancer cells can become more susceptible to radiotherapy	[112]
Immunotherapy	CRC	Lm-LLO-ISG15 in an immunocompetent CRC murine model generates an anti-tumor response	[107]
Immunotherapy	RCC	Lm-LLO-ISG15 vaccine in subcutaneous and orthotopic RCC mouse models results in adequate CTL-based immunotherapy, generating anti-tumor activity.	[108]
Other therapies	Cervical cancer, leukemia, and myeloma	The loss of NF-κB signaling causes ISG15 expression-induced apoptosis Clioquinol and mefloquine treatments induce high levels of ISG15	[80]

SFT: solitary fibrous tumor; ABCC2: ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2; 3D: three dimensions; NPC: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; DDP: cisplatin; RCC: Renal cell carcinoma; CTLs: cytotoxic T lymphocytes; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB

Declarations

Acknowledgments

JZC thanks the Subprogram for the Incorporation of Young Career Academics (SIJA) from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA)-UNAM.

Author contributions

ACTC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JZC: Investigation, Validation, Writing—review & editing. Two authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research was supported by the School of Science and Technology [CCyT-2022-08 to ACTC] from the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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