Table Info

Table 4.

Molecular pathways that modulate ISG15/ISGylation levels in a cancer context

Molecular pathway	Elements related to the ISGylation system	Effect	Cellular context	Reference
TNF-α, p38, and MAPK/JNK	ISG15 UBA7 UBE2L6 Protein ISGylation	Up	A549 (lung cancer) and HSC4 (human OSCC) cell lines	[90, 91]
Androgens	ISG15 Protein ISGylation	Down	Prostate cancer cells (LNCaP cell line)	[92]
Integrins (α5β1 and αV) through MRTF-A/SRF	ISG15	Up	MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line	[93]
KLF9	ISG15	Down	HT29 CRC cells and a mouse model of CRC	[94]
RA	ISG15 UBA7 USP18	Up	RA-sensitive leukemia cells	[95]
CYP1B1	ISG15 HERC5	Down	Hela cells	[28]
UV	ISG15 UBEA7 UBE2L6 ISGylation of PCNA	Up	Hela cells	[24]
DNA damage	ISG15 UBA7 UBE2L6 TRIM25	Up	HEK293T, A549, and H1299 cell lines	[25]
Hypoxia	ISG15 ISGylation enzymes USP18 ISGylation of HIF-1α	Up	Human 769-P, Caki-1, and 293T renal cell lines	[26]
miR-138	ISG15 mRNA	Down	Oral squamous carcinoma cells (CAL27 and SCC15 cells)	[96]
miR-370	ISG15 mRNA	Down	Hepatocellular carcinoma cells	[97]
Inhibition of SOCS3 via miR-2909	STAT1 ISG15 Protein ISGylation	Up	LNCaP prostate cancer cell line	[92]
BAG3	ISG15 mRNA ISG15 protein	Down (mRNA) Up (protein)	PDACs	[98]
SOCS1	STAT1 UBE2L6 Protein ISGylation	Down	iPSCs	[99]
WBSCR22	ISG15	Down	PC cells	[100]
Curcumin	Protein ISGylation	Down	MCF10A (human mammary tissue) and A549 (lung cancer) cells	[101]
KLF12	ISG15	Down	Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells	[81]

TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; MRTF-A: myocardin-related transcription factor A; SRF: serum response factor; KLF9: KLF transcription factor 9; RA: retinoic acid; CYP1B1: cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1; miR-138: microRNA-138; SOCS3: suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; BAG3: BAG cochaperone 3; PDACs: PDA cells; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; WBSCR22: BUD23 rRNA methyltransferase and ribosome maturation factor; KLF12: KLF transcription factor 12; CRC: colorectal cancer

Declarations

Acknowledgments

JZC thanks the Subprogram for the Incorporation of Young Career Academics (SIJA) from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA)-UNAM.

Author contributions

ACTC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JZC: Investigation, Validation, Writing—review & editing. Two authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research was supported by the School of Science and Technology [CCyT-2022-08 to ACTC] from the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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