Figure 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics insights of antiseizure medications (ASMs). Pharmacokinetic and dynamic parameters, influenced by body condition and genetic variants like cytochrome P450 enzymes, P-glycoprotein, and others, impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Variants in target receptors such as voltage-gated sodium channels (e.g., SCN1A, SCN2A) alter drug efficacy, potency, and adverse effects, and may induce drug resistance. Created with BioRender.com