Total, subscale, and item scores for digital health literacya of the 113 participants.
| Item | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Total | 2.8 (0.4) |
| Operational skills | 3.2 (0.6) |
| Use the keyboard of a computer (e.g., to type words) | 3.1 (0.7) |
| Use the mouse (e.g., to put the cursor in the right field or to click) | 3.4 (0.6) |
| Use the buttons or links and hyperlinks on websites | 3.1 (0.8) |
| Information searching | 2.7 (0.6) |
| Make a choice from all the information you find | 2.8 (0.6) |
| Use the proper words or search query to find the information you are looking for | 2.8 (0.6) |
| Find the exact information you are looking for | 2.6 (0.7) |
| Evaluation of reliability | 2.3 (0.6) |
| Decide whether the information is reliable or not | 2.2 (0.6) |
| Decide whether the information was written with commercial interests (e.g., by people trying to sell a product) | 2.4 (0.7) |
| Check different websites to establish whether they provide the same information | 2.4 (0.7) |
| Determination of relevance | 2.6 (0.5) |
| Decide if the information you found is applicable to you | 2.6 (0.7) |
| Apply the information you found in your daily life | 2.6 (0.6) |
| Use the information you found to make decisions about your health (e.g., on nutrition or medication, or to decide whether to ask a doctor’s opinion) | 2.6 (0.6) |
| Navigation skills | 3.0 (0.8) |
| You lose track of where you are on a website or the Internet | 3.2 (1.0) |
| You do not know how to return to a previous page | 3.1 (1.0) |
| You click on something and see something different than you expected | 2.6 (1.0) |
| Addition of self-generated content | 2.3 (0.6) |
| Clearly formulate your question or health-related concern | 2.5 (0.8) |
| Express your opinion, thoughts, or feelings in writing | 2.4 (0.7) |
| Write your message as such, for people to understand exactly what you mean | 2.1 (0.6) |
| Privacy protection | 3.2 (0.7) |
| Do you find it difficult to judge who can read along | 2.8 (1.0) |
| Do you (intentionally or unintentionally) share your own private information (e.g., name or address) | 3.4 (0.9) |
| Do you (intentionally or unintentionally) share someone else’s private information | 3.5 (0.8) |
a: Digital health literacy was measured using the Japanese version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument. The total, subscale, and item scores range from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater digital health literacy.