Description of Performance Metrics Quantified from the CUE Assessment Tool.
Performance measure
Description
Success rate
The percentage of objects the player managed to catch out of the total number available in a session
Movement error
The distance between the paddle and the target at the moment the target disappears. If the player successfully catches the target, the error is recorded as zero.
Movement response time
This refers to the reaction speed, specifically the number of milliseconds that pass between the target appearing and the player physically starting to move the paddle.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee of S.D.M. College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad (Ref: SDMIEC:091:2018; dated 23-03-2018). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision), and this trial was prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) under the registration number: CTRI/2018/07/014900.
Consent to participate
Parents of all study participants provided informed consent.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Data used in this paper is available from the first author upon request.
Funding
This research has been partially supported by Dr. Muthukumarana’s (Grant Number: RGPIN-2024-05460) and Dr. Sepehri’s (Grant Number: RGPIN-2018-05352) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Kanitkar A, Szturm T, Parmar S, Gandhi DB, Rempel GR, Restall G, et al. The effectiveness of a computer game-based rehabilitation platform for children with cerebral palsy: protocol for a randomized clinical trial.JMIR Res Protoc. 2017;6:e93. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Bleyenheuft Y, Dricot L, Gilis N, Kuo HC, Grandin C, Bleyenheuft C, et al. Capturing neuroplastic changes after bimanual intensive rehabilitation in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: A combined DTI, TMS and fMRI pilot study.Res Dev Disabil. 2015;43–44:136–49. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Gordon AM, Bleyenheuft Y, Steenbergen B. Pathophysiology of impaired hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55 Suppl 4:32–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ouyang RG, Yang CN, Qu YL, Koduri MP, Chien CW. Effectiveness of hand-arm bimanual intensive training on upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020;25:17–28. [DOI] [PubMed]
Tremblay J, Curatolo S, Leblanc M, Patulli C, Tang T, Darsaklis V, et al. Establishing normative data for the functional dexterity test in typically developing children aged 3-5 years.J Hand Ther. 2019;32:93–102.e2. [DOI] [PubMed]
Chiu H, Ada L, Lee H. Upper limb training using Wii Sports Resort for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, single-blind trial.Clin Rehabil. 2014;28:1015–24. [DOI] [PubMed]
Szturm T, Peters JF, Otto C, Kapadia N, Desai A. Task-specific rehabilitation of finger-hand function using interactive computer gaming.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:2213–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Folio M, Fawell R. Peabody developmental motor scales second edition (PDMS-2). Wood Dale: Stoelting Company; 2000.
van Hartingsveldt MJ, Cup EH, Oostendorp RA. Reliability and validity of the fine motor scale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2.Occup Ther Int. 2005;12:1–13. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kanitkar A, Parmar ST, Szturm TJ, Restall G, Rempel G, Naik N, et al. Reliability and validity of a computer game-based tool of upper extremity assessment for object manipulation tasks in children with cerebral palsy.J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng. 2021;8:20556683211014023. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Eliasson A, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Rösblad B, Beckung E, Arner M, Ohrvall A, et al. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability.Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48:549–54. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gelman A, Carlin JB, Stern HS, Dunson DB, Gelman A. Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2013. [DOI]
Parmar ST, Kanitkar A, Sepehri N, Bhairannawar S, Szturm T. Computer Game-Based Telerehabilitation Platform Targeting Manual Dexterity: Exercise Is Fun. "You Are Kidding-Right?".Sensors (Basel). 2021;21:5766. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Mutlu A, Livanelioglu A, Gunel MK. Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:44. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sahai H, Ageel MI. The analysis of variance: fixed, random and mixed models. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
Kruschke JK, Liddell TM. Bayesian data analysis for newcomers.Psychon Bull Rev. 2018;25:155–77. [DOI] [PubMed]
Zhao Z, Banterle M, Bottolo L, Richardson S, Lewin A, Zucknick M. BayesSUR: An R package for high-dimensional multivariate Bayesian variable and covariance selection in linear regression.J Stat Softw. 2021;100:1–32. [DOI]
Moon HR, Perron B. Seemingly unrelated regressions.In: The new Palgrave dictionary of economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2008. pp. 1–6. [DOI]
Bottolo L, Banterle M, Richardson S, Ala-Korpela M, Järvelin M, Lewin A. A computationally efficient Bayesian seemingly unrelated regressions model for high-dimensional quantitative trait loci discovery.J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat. 2021;70:886–908. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Jaspers E, Desloovere K, Bruyninckx H, Klingels K, Molenaers G, Aertbeliën E, et al. Three-dimensional upper limb movement characteristics in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and typically developing children.Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2283–94. [DOI] [PubMed]
Butler EE, Ladd AL, Louie SA, Lamont LE, Wong W, Rose J. Three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limb during a Reach and Grasp Cycle for children.Gait Posture. 2010;32:72–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Tucker CA, Montpetit K, Bilodeau N, Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA, Watson K, et al. Development of a parent-report computer-adaptive test to assess physical functioning in children with cerebral palsy II: upper-extremity skills.Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51:725–31. [DOI] [PubMed]