Exploration of Digital Health Technologies

Table 4. Characteristics of biomarker/pathogen detection applications.

Study	Application role	Associated external hardware	Biomarkers or pathogens detected	Biological specimen used
Alba-Patiño et al., 2020 [23]	Colorimetric signal detection and quantification	Paper-based biosensor with optimised nanoprobes, assay solutions	Interluekin-6	Blood
Barnes et al., 2018 [32]	Colorimetric signal detection and quantification	LAMP lysis and reaction solutions, 36-well plate, heat block, and LED light source	Bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersina pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae)	Urine
Kim et al., 2017 [40]	Colorimetric signal detection and quantification	Immunoassay and biochemical assay hybrid strip and solutions, plastic cartridge, and smartphone attachment	Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate	Blood
Russell et al., 2019 [51]	Colorimetric signal detection and quantification	Janus particles, immunoassay solutions, filter paper	Procalcitonin	Blood
Samson et al., 2016 [53]	Guidelines for Multiplex Blood Culture Test (MuxBCT) and data entry	Bluetooth barcode scanner	Bacteria (not specified)	Blood

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LAMP: loop-mediated isothermal amplification; LED: light emitting diode.

Supplementary materials

The supplementary materials for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/101186_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Jeremy Cullis, an experienced clinical librarian, for his guidance in developing the final search strategy and translating it to other databases.

Author contributions

KA and DK: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. VL and LL: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

As this study is a scoping review, all relevant data are available in the included studies.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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