Declarations
Disclaimer
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the AB InBev Foundation, AB InBev, or any of their affiliates.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge Tom Achoki and Angela Rizzo, who are staff of our sponsor; Gustavo Ramos Hernández, Lulama Sulupha, and Virginia Malete, who are local collaborators at the sites and are responsible for delivering the intervention and collecting the data; Elena Cárdenas Vargas and Josephine Tshabalala, who serve as local collaborators with the Mexico and South Africa sites, respectively, and are paid consultants of ABIF, for assisting us in supervising the local program delivery and data collection effort.
Author contributions
DAF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. CLR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JWG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. TRM: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors have been supported for the past 8 years by funding from the AB InBev Foundation to independently evaluate its programs to reduce harmful alcohol use. The sponsor, whose staff are acknowledged, did not review this manuscript prior to its publication.
Ethical approval
PIRE’s institutional review board (IRB) (FWA00003078) reviewed and approved the research protocols used in both South Africa and Mexico. Our collaborators in Mexico submitted the procedures to be used there to a local research ethics committee, Comité de Ética en Investigación Hospital General Zacatecas “Luz González Cosio” (CONBIOÉTICA-32-CEI-001-20231023), which granted approval for the study. Supplemental local approval was not required in South Africa. As required by US regulations, the project’s human subjects protections are compliant with the ethical principles and guidance set forth in the Belmont Report (1979) and the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 revision).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study will be obtained from all participants. Additionally, because consent will be documented electronically, all participants will be given a one-page handout to keep for their records that provides most of the information contained in the informed consent with the exception that any references to alcohol will be removed to protect participants’ confidentiality should someone in the household find it.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Surveys and de-identified survey data and health information (e.g., hemoglobin A1c, HIV viral load; available for South African participants only) will be made available upon request and approval of a data use agreement through the GSDG Data Library at https://www.gsdgdatalibrary.org/. Requesters may also contact the Data Library Manager, Bruce Lawrence (lawrence@pire.org).
Funding
The research and preparation of this manuscript were supported by funding from the ABIF, USA, under the contract Measurement and Evaluation—Global Smart Drinking Goals. By contract, the authors had independent decision authority on all content. The funder had no role in study design, data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The ABIF funded the development of the eSBI software and the programming of our independently developed survey consent scripts and data collection into that software. It also funded large-scale SBI/eSBI in Zacatecas-Guadalupe and Alexandra, with our study focused on the SBIs delivered from our start date until we reached our targeted sample size.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.
