Table Info

Table 1.

Formulation of search terms according to the PICO scheme

PICO elements	Question	Physician-related	Patient-related
Population	Who is involved or affected?	Physicians and students at all levels of training and experience.	Patients with bone defects require surgical treatment.
Intervention	What is being done or implemented?	Studies and use of 3D-printed models for surgical planning and care.	Integration of 3D-printed models into clinical practice.
Comparison	What is it being compared to?	Alternative models used for surgical care.	Implementation of alternative models in clinical practice.
Outcome	What is the goal or expected change?	Optimized workflow for creating 3D-printed anatomical models in clinical practice.	A process report using graphical modeling language (BPMN) to improve quality.

3D: three-dimensional; BPMN: business process model and notation; PICO: population, intervention, comparison, outcome

Supplementary materials

The supplementary Table and Figure for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/100794_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Author contributions

TN: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. RL: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. LK: Data curation, Software, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. SP: Validation, Software, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. MS: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. DP: Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. RA: Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. JDP: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this systematic review are included in this article and the supplementary files, and no new raw data were generated in this study.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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