Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases

Table 1. Variables analyzed for association with calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (CPPA) in patients with gout

Variable	CPPA (%)	Non-CPPA (%)	P
Age (years)	72 ± 11	61 ± 13	< 0.001
Time from onset (years)	6.55 ± 7.02	6.61 ± 8.04	0.926
Flares (previous year)	3.59 ± 4.10	3.82 ± 5.95	0.556
GFRe (mL/min)	73 ± 29	62 ± 26	< 0.001
Serum urate (mg/dL)	9.18 ± 1.63	9.13 ± 1.46	0.349
Gender (female)	20/127 (15.7)	128/1,417 (9.0)	0.014
Polyarticular involvement	46/127 (36.2)	491/1,417 (34.7)	0.772
Tophi	43/127 (33.9)	452/1,417 (31.9)	0.650
Previous ULT	61/127 (48.0)	613/1,417 (43.3)	0.299
ULT febuxostat	18/127 (14.2)	142/1,417 (10,0)	0.086
Colchicine for prophylaxis	96/110 (87.3)	1012/1,184 (85.4)	0.607
Diuretic use	72/127 (56.7)	454/1,417 (32.0)	< 0.001
Alcohol intake (> 15g/day)	26/127 (20.5)	453/1,417 (32.0)	0.007
Hypertension	102/127 (80.3)	782/1,417 (55.2)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	63/127 (49.6)	778/1,417 (54.9)	0.250
Diabetes	34/127 (26.8)	354/1,417 (25.0)	0.656
Vascular disease	64/127 (50.4)	450/1,417 (31.8)	< 0.001
Urolithiasis	8/127 (6.3)	101/1,417 (7.1)	0.725

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GFRe: glomerular filtration rate estimated; ULT: urate-lowering therapy

Declarations

Acknowledgments

FPR will be always in debt to Ms. Concepción Eizaguirre and Mrs. Begoña Eizaguirre for their outstanding contribution to education.

Author contributions

FPR: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. MdCMC, JASdB, NS, HKE, and FL: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. AMHB: Writing—original draft, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis. Nuria PH and Nerea PH: Writing—original draft, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interests

Fernando Perez-Ruiz: advisor for Arthrosi, Horizon, LG, Protalix, and SOBI, speaker for Menarini. Naomi Schlesinger: advisor or review panel member: Horizon Pharma, Novartis, Sobi, Protalix, Arthrosi, and Shanton. Fernando Perez-Ruiz is Editor-in-chief of the journal Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Naomi Schlesinger is Associate Editors, and Maria del Consuelo Modesto-Caballero is Editorial Board Member, none of them was involved in the decision-making or review process for this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of OSI EEC at Cruces University Hospital [CEIC-E03/45].

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants, and the patient’s information sheet was supervised and approved by the Ethics Committee of OSI EEC at Cruces University Hospital.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The dataset is available on request to authors and with previous approval by the Ethics Committee of OSI EEC.

Funding

This study was funded by the Cruces Rheumatology Association [24/01].

Copyright

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