From:  Distal locking of intramedullary nails with reduced radiation exposure and operating time using standard equipment

 Relative reduction in radiation dose, radiation and procedure duration with our method compared to free-hand (mean ± SD).

ParameterSurgeon experienceFree-hand mean ± SDOur method mean ± SDRelative reduction ratio (%)p-value
Radiation dose (cGy/cm2)Junior residents47.2 ± 5.85.1 ± 1.289.2-
Senior residents35.7 ± 4.64.7 ± 1.086.8-
Board-certified surgeons23.5 ± 3.93.5 ± 0.985.1-
Radiation time (s)Junior residents26.5 ± 3.113.6 ± 2.248.7-
Senior residents19.4 ± 2.812.0 ± 1.938.1-
Board-certified surgeons12.1 ± 1.79.0 ± 1.425.6-
Procedure duration (min)Junior residents12.4 ± 1.95.6 ± 1.154.8-
Senior residents10.1 ± 1.64.7 ± 1.053.5-
Board-certified surgeons6.1 ± 0.92.4 ± 0.660.7-
Radiation dose (cGy/cm2)Mean (all participants)35.47 ± 8.94.43 ± 1.187.5< 0.0001
Radiation time (s)19.33 ± 6.211.5 ± 2.040.50.003
Procedure duration (minutes)9.53 ± 3.14.23 ± 1.255.6< 0.0001

cGy/cm2: centigray per square centimeter.