Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases

From: Lycopene supplementation in rheumatic diseases: a comprehensive review

Table 1. Studies on lycopene supplementation in rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions.

Author, Year	Study design/Country	Population/n	Lycopene dosage and duration	Main outcomes	Adverse effects
Russo et al., 2020 [5]	Pilot prospective clinical study, Italy	Postmenopausal women (n = 39)	Tomato sauce (1.3 mg/50 g) daily for 3 months	A significant bone density loss was detected in control and not in lycopene group. Greater bone alkaline phosphatase reduction after lycopene.	None
Meeta et al., 2022 [6]	Randomized, placebo-controlled trial, India	Postmenopausal women (n = 108; lycopene n = 60; placebo n = 48)	Lycopene 8 mg/day for 6 months	↓ PINP; ↑ serum lycopene; ↓ β-CTX-I (non-significant); improved antioxidant status	None
Mackinnon et al., 2011 [7]	Randomized controlled intervention study, Canada	Postmenopausal women (n = 60; lycopene interventions vs. control diets)	Tomato juice/capsules providing 30–70 mg/day for 4 months	↑ antioxidant capacity; ↓ oxidative stress; ↓ NTx.	None

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β-CTX-I: β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; BMD: bone mineral density, n: number of participants; NTx: N-telopeptide of type I collagen; PINP: procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank colleagues from Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) for their valuable discussions that contributed to the development of this review. During the preparation of this work, the authors used AI to assist in language refinement, structural organization, and reference formatting. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content to ensure accuracy, originality, and intellectual contribution. The authors take full responsibility for the content of this article.

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JFdC: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ATAM: Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Jozélio Freire de Carvalho, who is the Associate Editor and Guest Editor of Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Ana Tereza Amoedo Martinez declares no competing financial or personal interests that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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