Table Info

Table 2.

Pathological situations where bile is available and its analysis could be helpful

Pathological situations
Benign or indeterminate biliary stenoses
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Chronic cholangitis at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) [repetitive chronic secondary cholangitis, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related cholangitis, etc.]
Chronic pancreatitis with biliary strictures
Pancreatic cysts with biliary strictures
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), CCA, bile duct carcinoma (BDC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ampullary cancer presenting biliary strictures and/or obstructive jaundice
Pancreatic surgery (pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy)
Acute cholangitis or cholecystitis
Patients with jaundice
Pathologies associated with biliary microcrystals: idiopathic acute pancreatitis, recurrent acute pancreatitis, unexplained biliary pain, and post-cholecystectomy biliary pain
Liver surgery: hepatectomy and transplantation

Declarations

Author contributions

MA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. MR, DO, MAÁ, and JU: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. CB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was supported by European Union Horizon 2020 Transcan project [2022-784-024] to MA, MAÁ, and CB; Thermo Fisher 2022 Oncomine Clinical Research Grant to MAÁ and CB; AECT Eurorregión Nueva Aquitania Euskadi Navarra “Innovación Eurorregional” [2020/101] and [2023/2] to MAÁ and CB; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grants [PID2019-104265RB-I00] and [PID2022-137181OB-I00] to CB; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), [PI22/00471] which co-funded by the European Union to MA; the Scientific Foundation of the Spanish Association Against Cancer [INVES223049AREC] to MA; Departamento de Salud Gobierno de Navarra [42/2021] to JU. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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