Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | n (%) or median (range) | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 65 | |
| Age (years) | 67 (33‒83) | Median (range) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 44 (68%) | |
| Female | 21 (32%) | |
| Primary tumor site | ||
| Intrahepatic (ICC) | 14 (22%) | |
| Perihilar (PHC) | 22 (33%) | |
| Distal | 7 (11%) | |
| Gallbladder (GBC) | 18 (28%) | |
| Ampulla (Vater) | 4 (6%) | |
| Disease status at molecular testing | ||
| Initially unresectable | 26 (40%) | Locally advanced: 8 (12%)Distant metastasis: 18 (28%) |
| Recurrence after resection | 39 (60%) | |
| First-line chemotherapy regimen | ||
| GC (gemcitabine + cisplatin) | 13 (20%) | |
| GCS (gemcitabine + cisplatin + S-1) | 34 (52%) | |
| GCD (gemcitabine + cisplatin + durvalumab) | 11 (17%) | |
| GCP (gemcitabine + cisplatin + pembrolizumab) | 2 (3%) | |
| Others | 5 (8%) | |
| Number of patients | 65 | |
ICC: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PHC: perihilar cholangiocarcinoma; GBC: gallbladder cancer.
We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for the English language editing.
KN: Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MU: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. HS, MI, DD, and SA: Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript.
Kei Nakagawa has received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Insight Co., Ltd., and AstraZeneca Co., Ltd. Shuichi Aoki has received lecture fees from AstraZeneca Co. and Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, N.J., USA). Michiaki Unno has received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca Co., Ltd., and Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, N.J., USA). The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (2024-1-668).
Because of the retrospective study design, informed consent was obtained using an institutional opt-out procedure.
Not applicable.
The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly available because they contain potentially identifiable genomic and clinical patient information and are subject to institutional ethics and privacy restrictions. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to Kei Nakagawa (nakagawa.kei@tohoku-mpu.ac.jp).
No specific funding was received for this study.
© The Author(s) 2026.
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