The inclusion and exclusion criteria.
| Types of criteria | Details of the content |
|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria | • Histologically confirmed biliary tract cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, periportal cholangiocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, or ampullary cancer).• Underwent comprehensive genomic profiling by an expert panel between November 2019 and October 2024.• Clinical-pathological and follow-up data were available.• Both resectable and unresectable/recurrent cases were included. |
| Exclusion criteria | • The tumor specimen was unsuitable for NGS owing to insufficient tumor content.• Clinical-pathological information was incomplete. |
We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for the English language editing.
KN: Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MU: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. HS, MI, DD, and SA: Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and approved the submitted version of the manuscript.
Kei Nakagawa has received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Insight Co., Ltd., and AstraZeneca Co., Ltd. Shuichi Aoki has received lecture fees from AstraZeneca Co. and Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, N.J., USA). Michiaki Unno has received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca Co., Ltd., and Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, N.J., USA). The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (2024-1-668).
Because of the retrospective study design, informed consent was obtained using an institutional opt-out procedure.
Not applicable.
The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly available because they contain potentially identifiable genomic and clinical patient information and are subject to institutional ethics and privacy restrictions. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to Kei Nakagawa (nakagawa.kei@tohoku-mpu.ac.jp).
No specific funding was received for this study.
© The Author(s) 2026.
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