Cliff’s Delta analysis of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulation in HPV-positive and HPV-negative breast cancer.
| Gene | Median HPV+ | Median HPV– | p-value | Signif | Cliff’s Delta | 95% CI | Effect | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGFR | 0.066 | –0.803 | 0.188 | ns | 0.268 | –0.0536 to 0.5389 | Low | HPV+ > HPV– |
| PI3K | –7.488 | –1.340 | 0.021 | * | 0.460 | 0.0014 to 0.7582 | High | HPV+ >> HPV– |
| AKT | –3.761 | –2.168 | 0.611 | ns | –0.106 | –0.4964 to 0.3207 | Ineffective | HPV+ < HPV– |
| PTEN | –0.321 | 0.769 | 0.157 | ns | –0.288 | –0.5791 to 0.0694 | Middle | HPV+ < HPV– |
| mTOR | –10.023 | –2.394 | < 0.001 | *** | –0.843 | –0.9713 to –0.3327 | High | HPV+ << HPV– |
ns: not significant; CI: confidence interval. * p-value < 0.05; *** p-value < 0.001.
The supplementary materials for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1002391_sup_1.pdf.
The authors would like to acknowledge the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco for providing the samples used in this study. During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Google's Gemini artificial intelligence tool for graphical abstract generation. After utilizing the tool, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as necessary and take(s) full responsibility for the final content of the publication.
BedOI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. PHBF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. GRPdS: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. SLL: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. BdFSM: Formal analysis, Data curation, Supervision. ISS: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. EFGB: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. DBL: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. GvdA: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. IDdF: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. KMTBdM: Formal analysis. NLdQ: Investigation. SMSdS: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft. VEPS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Data curation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition. ACdF: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil (CAAE: 40062720.0.0000.5208 – September 11, 2021).
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.
The data are available and can be accessed by contacting the corresponding author.
This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ)/Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Complexo da Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (MS) process number 444606/2023-8; CNPq/MS, process number 444156/2023-2; CNPq Bolsa Produtividade, grant number 308684/2023-0. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© The Author(s) 2026.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.