Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy

Home
/
Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy
/
Articles
/
Table 1

From: Transurethral laser ablation using 980-nm diode laser for recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Table 1. Patients’ characteristics between TULA and TURBT.

Category	Total	TULA	TURBT	p-value *
Characteristics	n = 48	n = 24	n = 24	-
Sex, n (%)				> 0.999
Male	39	20 (83)	19 (79)	-
Female	9	4 (17)	5 (21)	-
Age, median (IQR)	76 (72–86.25)	76 (71.75–84.75)	76.5 (73.5–80.75)	-
Smoking, n (%)				0.223
Current	11	8 (33)	3 (13)	-
Former	25	10 (42)	15 (63)	-
Never	12	6 (25)	6 (25)	-
ECOG-performance status, n (%)				0.096
0	22	11 (46)	11 (46)	-
1	21	8 (33)	13 (54)	-
2	2	2 (8)	0 (0)	-
3	3	3 (13)	0 (0)	-
Use of antithrombotic agents (temporarily discontinued perioperatively), n (%)				0.359
Yes	16	10 (42)	6 (25)	-
No	32	14 (58)	18 (75)	-
History of BCG therapy, n (%)				1
Yes	4	2 (8)	2 (8)	-
No	44	22 (92)	22 (92)	-
Number of prior TURBTs, n (%)				< 0.001
0	10	0 (0)	10 (42)	-
1	16	7 (29)	9 (38)	-
2	10	8 (33)	2 (8)	-
≥ 3	12	9 (38)	3 (13)	-
Preoperative urine cytology (max), n (%)				0.192
Negative	36	21 (88)	15 (63)	-
Atypical/Suspicious	5	2 (8)	3 (13)	-
Positive	5	1 (4)	4 (17)	-
N/A	2	0 (0)	2 (8)	-
Pathological T stage, n (%)				0.033
Ta	43	24 (100)	19 (79)	-
T1	5	0 (0)	5 (21)	-
Pathological tumor grade, n (%)				0.009
Low-grade	17	12 (50)	5 (21)	-
High-grade	25	12 (50)	13 (54)	-
unknown	6	0 (0)	6 (25)	-
Tumor number, n (%)				0.148
Solitary	24	15 (63)	9 (38)	-
Multiple	24	9 (38)	15 (63)	-
Tumor size (mm), n (%)				0.093
≤ 30	38	20 (83)	18 (75)	-
> 30	4	0 (0)	4 (17)	-
unknown	6	4 (17)	2 (8)	-
Main tumor location, n (%)				0.263
Trigone	5	1 (4)	4 (17)	-
Right lateral wall	10	4 (17)	6 (25)	-
Left lateral wall	5	4 (17)	1 (4)	-
Anterior wall	4	4 (17)	0 (0)	-
Posterior wall	14	7 (29)	7 (29)	-
Dome	2	1 (4)	1 (4)	-
Bladder neck (internal urethral orifice)	4	1 (4)	3 (13)	-
urethra	4	2 (8)	2 (8)	-
Use of PDD, n (%)				< 0.001
Yes	15	1 (4)	14 (58)	-
No	33	23 (96)	10 (42)	-

Return to article view

*: Fisher’s exact test.

Declarations

Author contributions

HF: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SS, EY, YK, KA, RS, DT, SY, HO, TN, TS, SF, SA: Writing—review & editing. KI: Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kochi Medical School Hospital (approval no. 2024-85).

Consent to participate

The requirement for informed consent was waived in accordance with the opt-out policy of Kochi Medical School Hospital.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors to any qualified researcher.

Funding

This research received no external or internal funding or financial support.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

References

Sasaki T, Higashi T, Inoue T. Urological cancer statistics on incidence from 1975 to 2019 and mortality from 1958 to 2022 in Japan. Int J Clin Oncol. 2024;29:1088–95. [DOI] [PubMed]

Chopin DK, Gattegno B. Superficial bladder tumors. Eur Urol. 2002;42:533–41. [DOI] [PubMed]

Kobayashi T, Seki N, Song YH, Dejima T. GreenLight HPS laser 120 W vs diode laser 300 W vaporization of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japanese patients: A prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021;13:31–7. [DOI] [PubMed]

Furumido J, Ozaki N, Matsugase Y, Mori T. Evaluation of learning curves for contact laser vaporization of the prostate using the 980 nm diode laser for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Urol. 2024;31:921–6. [DOI] [PubMed]

Yamamichi F, Inoue T, Fujita M, Tominaga K, Yamashita Y, Fujisawa M. Initial Experience of Contact Laser Vaporization of the Prostate Using the New Type of Fiber for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Single Institution. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2025;17:e70002. [DOI] [PubMed]

Hermann GG, Mogensen K, Lindvold LR, Haak CS, Haedersdal M. Office-based transurethral devascularisation of low grade non-invasive urothelial cancer using diode laser. A feasibility study. Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47:620–5. [DOI] [PubMed]

Hermann GG, Mogensen K, Rosthøj S. Outpatient diode laser treatment of intermediate-risk non-invasive bladder tumors without sedation: efficacy, safety and economic analysis. Scand J Urol. 2018;52:194–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

Li C, Gao L, Zhang J, Yang X, Liu C. The effect of holmium laser resection versus standard transurethral resection on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35:1025–34. [DOI] [PubMed]

Razzaghi MR, Mazloomfard MM, Yavar M, Malekian S, Mousapour P. Holmium LASER in Comparison with Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Tumor for Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Randomized Clinical Trial with 18-month Follow-up. Urol J. 2021;18:460–5. [DOI] [PubMed]

10.

Wang W, Liu H, Xia S. Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer. Asian J Urol. 2016;3:130–3. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

11.

Hashem A, Mosbah A, El-Tabey NA, Laymon M, Ibrahiem E, Elhamid MA, et al. Holmium Laser En-bloc Resection Versus Conventional Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors for Treatment of Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Eur Urol Focus. 2021;7:1035–43. [DOI] [PubMed]

12.

Yao Z, Li Y, Ding Y, Hou Y, Hu J, Liu Z, et al. Thulium laser en bloc resection reduces recurrence rates in NMIBC patients with tumor diameters ≥3cm compared to transurethral resection: a non-randomized controlled study. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:1239. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

13.

Beer M, Jocham D, Beer A, Staehler G. Adjuvant laser treatment of bladder cancer: 8 years’ experience with the Nd-YAG laser 1064 nm. Br J Urol. 1989;63:476–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

14.

Pierre SA, Albala DM. The future of lasers in urology. World J Urol. 2007;25:275–83. [DOI] [PubMed]

15.

Wendt-Nordahl G, Huckele S, Honeck P, Alken P, Knoll T, Michel MS, et al. 980-nm Diode laser: a novel laser technology for vaporization of the prostate. Eur Urol. 2007;52:1723–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

16.

Mao T, Zhang H, Cui J, Zhao Z, Jiao D, Zhang W. The 980 nm diode laser treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor with en bloc technique: single-center experience. World J Surg Oncol. 2022;20:324. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

17.

Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer [Internet]. [cited 2026 Jun 1]. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/chapter/disease-management

18.

Pedersen GL, Erikson MS, Mogensen K, Rosthøj S, Hermann GG. Outpatient Photodynamic Diagnosis-guided Laser Destruction of Bladder Tumors Is as Good as Conventional Inpatient Photodynamic Diagnosis-guided Transurethral Tumor Resection in Patients with Recurrent Intermediate-risk Low-grade Ta Bladder Tumors. A Prospective Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial. Eur Urol. 2023;83:125–30. [DOI] [PubMed]