Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy

Table 2. CHD4 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters of thyroid carcinoma.

Clinico-pathological parameters		n (%)	CHD4 overexpression (H-score: ≥ 60)	CHD4 low expression (H-score: < 60)	Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test (p-value < 0.05)
Gender	Female	37/44 (84.1%)	17/37 (45.9%)	20/37 (54.1%)	0.7761
Gender	Male	7/44 (15.9%)	3/7 (42.9%)	4/7 (57.1%)	0.7761
Age	< 45	18/44 (40.9%)	10/18 (55.6%)	8/18 (44.4%)	< 0.0001
	≥ 45	17/44 (38.6%)	8/17 (47.1%)	9/17 (52.9%)
	unknown	9/44 (20.5%)	2/9 (22.2%)	7/9 (77.8%)
Histological variant	C-PTCs	28/44 (63.6%)	14/28 (50%)	14/28 (50%)	< 0.0001
	F-PTCs	13/44 (29.6%)	5/13 (38.5%)	8/13 (61.5%)
	ATCs	3/44 (6.8%)	1/3 (33.3%)	2/3 (66.7%)
Tumor size	≤ 1 cm	6/44 (13.7%)	5/6 (83.3%)	1/6 (16.7%)	< 0.0001
	> 1 cm	27/44 (61.3%)	10/27 (37%)	17/27 (63%)
	unknown	11/44 (25%)	5/11 (45.5%)	6/11 (54.5%)
Vascular emboli	Presence	7/44 (15.9%)	4/7 (57.1%)	3/7 (42.9%)	0.0657
Vascular emboli	Absence	37/44 (84.1%)	16/37 (43.2%)	21/37 (56.8%)	0.0657
Capsular breach	Presence	11/44 (25%)	6/11 (54.5%)	5/11 (45.5%)	0.0893
Capsular breach	Absence	33/44 (75%)	14/33 (42.4%)	19/33 (57.6%)	0.0893
Lymph node metastasis	Presence	3/44 (6.8%)	1/3 (33.3%)	2/3 (66.7%)	0.0072
	Absence	30/44 (68.2%)	13/30 (43.3%)	17/30 (56.7%)
	unknown	11/44 (25%)	6/11 (54.5%)	5/11 (45.5%)

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CHD4: chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4; F-PTCs: follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas; C-PTCs: classical form of papillary thyroid carcinomas; ATCs: anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

This work is based in part on the doctoral dissertation of the first author, ‘Role of NADPH oxidase NOX4 in regulating the expression and the activity of CHD4 in BRAF^V600E mutated thyroid cancer cells’, submitted to Paris-Saclay University, accessible at https://theses.hal.science/tel-04992343v1. The thesis is publicly available and not under exclusive copyright with any publisher. The first author retains copyright and publication rights for dissemination in peer-reviewed journals.

Author contributions

RAEH and CD: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. SF: Writing—original draft, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. YB: Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. MO, YO, and ND: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. MRE, AM, and AA: Formal analysis. AL: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research (CERB) of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Rabat under approval number 52/20 and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

This study was conducted in 2022–2023, as a retrospective analysis of existing medical records and archived FFPE blocks (2015–2021). In this case, the consent to participate is waived.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Data sharing is not applicable due to ethical restrictions and due to the possible future exploration of this cohort.

Funding

Research funded by (1) Cancer Research Institute (IRC). www.irc.ma; Project: 767/AAmP2019; (2) PHC TOUBKAL N_ TBK/20/113 N_CAMPUS: 43586FYA (Maroc/France) (2020–2022); and (3) doctoral scholarship to S. FENNICHE from CNRST, Maroc (Bourse d’excellence). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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