Table Info

Table 2.

Electrochemical biosensors developed for the detection of CTC

Sensor type	Ligand	Cell/media	LOD	Main strengths	Ref.
Impedimetric	Anti-EpCAM and CD36	MCF-7 cells in PBS	3 cells^※	Integrated with a microfluidic chip Tested on canine mammary carcinoma	[50]
Amperimetric	EpCAM and MUC1 aptamers	MCF-7 cells in PBS	3 cells/mL	Dual-recognition-control for accuracy and sensitivity	[55]
Amperimetric	IDA aptamer	A549 cells	14 cells/mL	Novel aptamer was used. Integrated with a microfluidic chip Detection in clinical samples	[56]
Impedimetric	Anti-EpCAM	MCF-7 cells in PBS	NA	Electrically triggered release of viable cells	[57]
Impedimetric	Multifunctional peptide	MCF-7 cells	17 cells/mL	Linear response in 25% human blood	[58]
Impedimetric	Folate	HeLa cells in PBS and blood	0.43 cell/mL 52.24 cell/mL	Capable of differentiating patients of cervical and liver cancers	[59]
Electrochemiluminescence	Aptamers	MEAR cells	40 cells/mL	Selective, rapid detection Excellent reusability	[60]
CV/electrochemiluminescence	Aptamers	A549 cells	3 cells/mL	Highly efficient capture of cells Tested in whole blood	[61]
Nanopore-based	MUC1 aptamer	MCF-7 cells	1.25 cells/mL	Tested on clinical samples High recovery rate & accuracy	[62]

^※ On sensor surface; CTC: circulating tumor cell; LOD: limit of detection; EpCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; NA: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

ZM: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. KS and AT: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ZA and DT: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. AB: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP22783767), and by Nazarbayev University under Faculty Development grant, code: 20122022FD4134 (Project M2O-DISK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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