Antihypertensive activity of FD

S/NMethodsSolventConcentrationsMajor findingsReference
1In vivoEthanol and aqueous500, 800, 1,000, and 1,300 mg/kgThe ethanol and water extract of FDK lowers blood pressure in SHR. This could be due to RAAS, antioxidant, and endothelial systems[93]
2In vivoEthanol-water800 or 1,000 mg/kg/dayWhen FDA and losartan were used to treat rats, the rats’ blood pressure, heart rate, and heart weight were all much lower than the controls[94]
3In vivo1,000 mg/kg/dayAfter four weeks of treatment with FD, the SBP of rats treated with FD and losartan was much lower than that of rats that were not treated. An analysis of the spectra of urine showed that there were 24 possible biomarkers with variable importance projections above 0.5[95]
41,000 mg/kgCompared to the control group, rats treated with 1,000 mg/kg of FD and losartan demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure. Rats treated with FDK had decreased serum concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone compared to controls and rats treated with losartan. There were no variations between serum and urine electrolytes[96]