Summary of the included studies, protocol/machine used, and standard reference

Studyb-valueMRI protocol and machineReference standard
Vandecaveye et al. [28]b0–10001.5Tesla (T) MRI TSE (T1,T2) + DW sequencesHistopathology
Dirix et al. [29]b0–1000MRI (T1,T2 + DW sequences)Histopathology
Perrone et al. [32]b500–10001.5T; FSE T1, T2 sequencesHistopathology
Nakamatsu et al. [30]b0–10001.5T MRI SSEP; DW sequencesHistopathology
Taha Ali [16]b0–10001.5T MRI T1, T2-weighted sequencesHistopathology
Lee et al. [12]b0–10003T MRI TSE (T1,T2) + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Hauser et al. [36]b0–8003T MRI, DW sequencesMixed or unclear
Heusch et al. [33]b500–10003T MRI, STIR TSE; T1-weighted TSE sequence + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Hoang et al. [41]b250–10001.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequencesClinical
Chen et al. [37]b0–8003T MRI DWI STIR techniqueClinical
Schouten et al. [34]b500–10001.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Stecco et al. [38]b0–8001.5T MRI STIR T1-weighted + DWI sequencesMixed clinical and histop
Jin et al. [39]b0–8001.5T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Park et al. [31]b0–10003T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequencesClinical
Freihat et al. [40]b0–8003T MRI TSE(T1,T2) + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Abdel Razek et al. [24]b500–10001.5T MRI T1, T2 + DWI sequencesHistopathology
Anjari et al. [42]b0–15001.5T MRI T1, T2 + DWI sequencesMixed or unclear
Connor et al. [43]b0–15001.5T MRI STIR T1, T2 + DWI sequencesHistopathology

TSE: turbo spin echo; FSE: fast spin echo; STIR: short tau inversion recovery; SSEP: somatosensory evoked potentials; DW: diffusion weighted