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Table 1

From: Methodological appraisal of digital psychiatry readiness among Pakistani psychiatrists: gaps and recommendations

Table 1. Adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Assessment of Riaz et al.’s study [1] on digital psychiatry readiness among Pakistani psychiatrists.

Domain	Item	Assessment	Stars
Selection (max 5)	Representativeness	Multi-center but convenient; excludes private/military	*
	Sample size	Justified (n = 200)	*
	Non-respondents	No rate/comparability	0
	Ascertainment of exposure	Validated tool (pilot n = 23, KMO 0.812)	**
Comparability (max 2)	Controls for factors	Correlations/regressions (e.g., VIF < 5)	*
Outcome (max 3)	Assessment	Self-report (KAP suitable)	*
Outcome (max 3)	Statistical test	Appropriate (non-parametric, thematic kappa 0.84)	*
Total		Moderate risk (7/10)	*******

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KAP: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; KMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; VIF: variance inflation factor.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at Shaqra University for providing institutional support for this study.

Author contributions

SBR: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. KR: Investigation, Writing—original draft. MI: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. UT: Investigation, Writing—original draft. HNT: Methodology, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

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References

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