From:  Telepsychiatry in the digital age: bridging distance, enhancing access, and reimagining mental health care—a perspective from Türkiye

 Clinical effectiveness of telepsychiatry.

Diagnostic groupTelepsychiatry interventionEffectiveness findingsReferences
Depression and anxiety disordersIndividual therapy, medication managementComparable outcomes to face-to-face; improvement in HAM-D and BDI scores[25, 26]
Bipolar disorderMonitoring of mood symptoms, behavioral therapyImproved mood stability and reduced suicidal behavior[28, 29]
SchizophreniaMedication management, adherence supportImproved treatment adherence, reduced positive symptoms, and ER visits[3032]
Autism spectrum disorderParent-guided remote assessmentsHigh parental satisfaction, useful for patients with face-to-face interaction difficulties[33]
ADHDParental involvement in sessionsReduced disruptive behaviors; high satisfaction among families[34]
Substance use disordersRemote motivational interviewing and relapse preventionComparable adherence and relapse rates; more effective when combined with in-person care[6, 35, 36]

ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.