From:  Virtual reality and mixed reality in the assessment of spatial memory

 Overview of spatial memory: key processes

ProcessDescription
Cognitive mapMental representation of the environment that helps navigate using alternative routes
EgocentricBody-centered spatial encoding based on sensory and motor information
AllocentricExternal landmark-based spatial encoding independent of the observer
Route learningEncoding and recalling paths in familiar or new environments
Landmark-based navigationUses external landmarks for navigation
Path integrationInvolves egocentric navigation using self-motion cues
Object-location memoryThe ability to recall the spatial relationship between objects and reference points