Severity of AKI, globally and in each decade studied.
| AKI | Overall | D1 | D2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | 62/161(38.5%) | 24/54(44.4%) | 38/107(35.5%) |
| Grade 2 | 77/161(47.8%) | 25/54(46.3%) | 52/107(48.6%) |
| Grade 3 | 22/161(13.7%) | 5/54(9.3%) | 17/107(15.9%) |
Chi square test, p = 0.380. AKI: acute kidney injury; D1: decade 1 from 2005 to 2014; D2: decade 2 from 2015 to 2024.
We thank patients for sharing their clinical data through all these years.
NPH: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JMUG: Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. FPR: Funding acquisition, Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Fernando Perez-Ruiz, who is the Editor-in-Chief and Guest Editor of Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Other conflicts of interest related to the topic of the paper: Fernando Perez-Ruiz: advisor for Amgen, Arthrosi, Crystalyx, Protalix, Shanton, SNIPR, and SOBI; speaker for Menarini, EULAR, and Spanish Foundation for Rheumatology; grants from Cruces Rheumatology Association. Educational work for Spanish Foundation for Rheumatology; editorial work for Wolters-Kluwer. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
The present cohort recruitment was approved by the OSI EEC Clinical Investigation Ethics Committee with approval reference code E03/45.
Informed consent to participation in the study was obtained from all participants.
Not applicable.
The datasets generated for this study can be shared on request to the corresponding author, provided CEIC OSI EEC approval.
FPR was partially funded by Cruces Rheumatology Association, grant code [ARC-2024/1]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© The Author(s) 2025.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.