TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy depends on a delicate balance of immune activation and regulation A1 - Saito, Shigeru A1 - Nakashima, Akitoshi A1 - Shima, Tomoko A1 - Tsuda, Sayaka KW - cytokine KW - immune activation KW - implantation failure KW - miscarriage KW - preeclampsia KW - tolerance JF - Exploration of Immunology Y1 - 2021/// VL - 1 IS - 5 SP - 461 EP - 478 DO - 10.37349/ei.2021.00031 UR - https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/100331 N2 - It is well recognized that immune tolerance is important to prevent semiallografted fetuses from rejection by maternal immunocompetent cells; however, immune activation also plays an important role in placental development and fetal growth. Basic and clinical studies have shown that an imbalance between immune activation and regulation can lead to implantation failure, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Here, the balance between immunostimulation and immunoregulation in reproduction will be reviewed. ER -