@article{10.37349/ebmx.2026.101366,
abstract = {Aim: In biosensor technology, reliable attachment of protein-based probes requires careful control of the orientation of the probe molecule on the biosensor surface. In this regard, polyhistidine peptide became an attractive target for on surface immobilization. The present contribution details the total synthesis and the surface chemistry of a new antifouling organotrichlorosilane linker bearing a head function designed to immobilize the imidazole side chain of histidine for future immobilizations with polyhistidine peptide onto biosensor surface. Methods: A novel organotrichlorosilane linker bearing the ethylene glycol backbone and a 2-chloroethyl sulfone head function (which can be converted to the vinyl sulfone group for subsequent attachment with imidazole) were synthesized via a multiple-step synthesis and carefully characterized. Surface modifications using the synthesized novel organotrichlorosilane linker, subsequent conversion to vinyl sulfone head function, and treatment with N-protected histidine were demonstrated on black lithium niobate substrate. Results: Novel organotrichlorosilane linker was successfully synthesized, though it was also observed that organotrichlorosilane linker was quite moisture reactive. Surface characterizations also indicated successful modification of lithium niobate with the novel organotrichlorosilane linker as well as presence of N-protected histidine on the lithium niobate surface post-immobilization. Conclusions: A novel organotrichlorosilane linker bearing the 2-chloroethylsulfone group was successfully synthesized and successful immobilization with N-protected histidine was demonstrated. The surface chemistry demonstrated onto lithium niobate herein is immediately applicable for future on-surface immobilization of protein-based probe molecules bearing polyhistidine moieties.},
author = {Chan, Edmund and Kavouris, Anastasios and Thompson, Michael},
doi = {10.37349/ebmx.2026.101366},
journal = {Exploration of BioMat-X},
elocation-id = {101366},
title = {Novel organotrichlorosilane surface chemistry towards covalent polyhistidine-tag immobilization and surface modification of piezoelectric lithium niobate for future biosensor development},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ebmx/Article/101366},
volume = {3},
year = {2026}
}