@article{10.37349/en.2025.100687,
abstract = {Aim: To report the incidence, characteristics, and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in North Karelia Central Hospital Primary Stroke Center (PSC). Methods: All patients admitted with ICH to North Karelia Central Hospital between January 1, 2021, and August 8, 2023, were identified from the center’s prospectively updated stroke care database. Post-hospital care data on outcomes were retrospectively updated between May 27 and June 5, 2024. Results: During the entire study period, we identified altogether 56 ICH patients, of whom two thirds were men. The mean annual incidence of 2021–2022 was 12.3/100,000, and in the population 19–49 years of age, 1.8/100,000. Three months after the stroke, 50% of the patients were functionally independent. In-hospital mortality was 5%, and altogether 11 patients (20%) died during the follow-up (mean 1.72 years). In multivariate analyses, diabetes was associated with mortality [hazard ratio: 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–11.95], and age was associated with functional outcome in three-month follow-up (odds ratio: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.015–1.107). New-onset epilepsy was diagnosed in three patients (6%) during the follow-up (mean: 1.84 years). Conclusions: Short-term functional outcome of ICH was mostly favorable, continuing long-term trends of improving outcomes after stroke. Efficacy of multiple interventions care bundle in the treatment of ICH in a PSC-level hospital, a shift of using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) instead of warfarin, and improved health status of elderly citizens could be contributing to the better outcome.},
author = {Sipilä, Jussi O.T. and Toivanen, Jari and Pääkkönen, Juha and Balk, Liisu and Hassan, Mohamed and Heikkinen, Matti and Kettunen, Albina and Mehdiyeva, Ayla and Saukkonen, Anna Maija and Willman, Johanna and Kantanen, Anne-Mari},
doi = {10.37349/en.2025.100687},
journal = {Exploration of Neuroscience},
elocation-id = {100687},
title = {Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in easternmost Finland 2021–2023},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/100687},
volume = {4},
year = {2025}
}