TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects mediated by melatonin and cortisol of artificial light and noise , alone and in combination , on sleep and health
AU  - Gabinet, Nahum M
Y1  - 2024///
JO  - Exploration of Neuroscience
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
SP  - 382
EP  - 417
DO  - 10.37349/en.2024.00057
UR  - https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/en/Article/100657
AB  - As an integral part of human chronobiology, the circadian system plays a crucial role in regulating keybiological functions, including sleep and the intricate hormonal rhythms of melatonin (MLT) and cortisol(CORT). Scholars have increasingly recognized environmental stressors as significant contributors todisturbed sleep patterns. Albeit vigorously discussed individually, the literature lacks comprehensiveinsights into the synergistic effect of artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise. The aim of this review is tolook into the intricate interplay of the ALAN effects on sleep architecture, the modulation of circadianfunction, and how this influences homeostatic sleep. Furthermore, ALAN suppresses MLT secretion, whichis most pronounced in response to short wavelengths of light. In addition, this review will demonstrate howexposure to noise during sleep elevates CORT and noradrenaline levels, which contributes to stress-relateddiseases and sleep disturbances. ALAN and noise, persistently emitted into the environment, share intrinsicmechanisms with comparable characteristics. Therefore, understanding their combined impact has becomeincreasingly urgent. Pre-sleep exposure to both ALAN and noise acts as a potent stressor, with the potentialto disrupt sleep patterns. Interestingly, during sleep, noise emerges as the predominant influence on sleepquality. Moreover, these stressors often synergize and amplify one another’s adverse effects. Thus, limitingtheir exposure is crucial for cultivating a sustainable environment conducive to quality sleep and overallwell-being.
ER  -