@article{10.37349/ent.2026.1004162,
abstract = {Neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental neurological disorders represent a growing global health burden, characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction, cognitive decline, and impaired functional outcomes. Increasing evidence highlights neuroinflammation as a central pathophysiological mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, microbiota dysbiosis, and synaptic impairment across diverse neurological conditions. This narrative review was conducted using a structured literature search approach, incorporating major biomedical databases to enhance transparency and reproducibility. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on mechanistic pathways underlying neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration and critically evaluates emerging neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on mitochondrial transfer approaches, novel circulating and imaging biomarkers, and integrative neurotechnological innovations such as artificial intelligence-driven neuroimaging analytics. While several therapeutic approaches demonstrate promise in preclinical models, most remain at early experimental or translational stages, with limited validation in large-scale human studies. Current findings suggest that targeting neuroimmune signaling cascades, restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics, and modulating gut-brain axis interactions may provide synergistic neuroprotective benefits. The review proposes a multidimensional precision-medicine framework incorporating biomarker-guided therapeutic selection and interdisciplinary care models. Future research priorities include longitudinal biomarker validation, randomized clinical trials of mitochondrial-based therapies, and integration of digital neurodiagnostic platforms to enhance early disease detection. Despite these advances, significant gaps remain in clinical translation, standardization of biomarkers, and long-term therapeutic safety, necessitating cautious interpretation of emerging evidence.},
author = {Hammad, Muhammad and Fardoos, Sadaf and Shakoor, Khadija},
doi = {10.37349/ent.2026.1004162},
journal = {Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy},
elocation-id = {1004162},
title = {Neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration: emerging biomarkers, mitochondrial therapeutics, and translational neuroprotective strategies},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ent/Article/1004162},
volume = {6},
year = {2026}
}