@article{10.37349/ent.2026.1004153,
abstract = {By individual examination, the present review provides an overview of the potential involvement of various human microbiomes, including the gut, oral, skin, and nasal, in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Research has demonstrated that gut microbiome dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, through mechanisms involving microbial metabolites, neuroinflammation, amyloid aggregation, and altered neurotransmission. Emerging evidence suggests that the oral, skin, and nasal microbiomes may also influence neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms such as microbial translocation, immune modulation, metabolite production, and interactions with the gut-brain axis. Although the potential of microbiome-based interventions for neurodegenerative diseases has been highlighted, several gaps remain, such as variability between human and animal models, a lack of standardized multi-omics approaches, and a limited understanding of individual microbial roles. Future studies should focus on clarifying the mechanisms by which dysbiosis in human host microbiomes impacts the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, identifying reliable biomarkers, and developing safe and effective microbiome-based therapies.},
author = {Borrego-Ruiz, Alejandro and Borrego, Juan J.},
doi = {10.37349/ent.2026.1004153},
journal = {Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy},
elocation-id = {1004153},
title = {Human microbiomes in neurodegenerative diseases: an overview of their potential involvement},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ent/Article/1004153},
volume = {6},
year = {2026}
}