@article{10.37349/ei.2026.1003264,
abstract = {Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble micronutrient serving as a cofactor for key enzymes in one-carbon metabolism and mitochondrial energy production. Beyond its classical roles in hematopoiesis and neurological function, emerging evidence demonstrates that vitamin B12 has emerging immunometabolic roles. Through its role in methionine synthase-dependent one-carbon metabolism, cobalamin contributes to DNA synthesis, methylation reactions, and redox homeostasis—processes critical for the proliferation, differentiation, and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Deficiency has been associated with impaired immune responses and may contribute to altered susceptibility to infections and inflammatory disorders. Conversely, adequate cobalamin status restores methylation potential, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis, potentially supporting T and B cell function and regulatory immune pathways, and modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks. Most evidence derives from deficient or high-risk populations, whereas immunomodulatory effects in vitamin B12-replete individuals remain uncertain. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of mechanistic and clinical evidence, emphasizing vitamin B12 as a critical immunometabolic regulator and exploring its potential therapeutic applications in immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders.},
author = {Andrès, Emmanuel and Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel and Lavigne, Thierry},
doi = {10.37349/ei.2026.1003264},
journal = {Exploration of Immunology},
elocation-id = {1003264},
title = {Vitamin B12 as an immunometabolic regulator: bridging one-carbon metabolism, mitochondrial function and immunity},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/1003264},
volume = {6},
year = {2026}
}