@article{10.37349/ei.2024.00166,
abstract = {Aim: Assessing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial in understanding the durability of humoral immune response due to vaccination and the post-pandemic era. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate IgG antibody seroprevalence, IgG levels, and long-term durability responses after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in HCWs. Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited HCWs aged ≥ 18 years, vaccinated at least once, and without autoimmune diseases at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. Antibody titers against spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, and spike-nucleocapsid conjugate were quantified using dried blood spot (DBS) samples and multi-antigen profiling (xMAP) technology to measure seroprevalence. Results: The results showed that there was a total of 103 participants with the majority being female (59.22%), ≤ 40-year-old (87.38%), nurses (56.31%), had no comorbidities (88.35%), and were infected with COVID-19 (70.87%). A significant proportion received three times vaccination (76.7%), while 102 of 103 (99.03%) showed seropositivity. IgG showed the highest mean antibody titers for spike protein [10,819.38 ± 2,554.23 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)] in the first 6–12 months after the last vaccinations. Meanwhile, the IgG titer (MFI) showed a long duration over 30 months. Vaccine significantly influenced spike protein antibody levels, with the highest observed in the group receiving a combination of two inactivated vaccines followed by two messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HCWs showed a sustained humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 for over 24 months post-vaccination. The type and combination of vaccines administered were significantly correlated with the IgG antibody levels, suggesting the long-term efficacy of the vaccination regimens. The application of DBS and xMAP technology in the study facilitated the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of immune persistence following vaccination.},
author = {Nurjaya, Imam and Arief, Erwin and Tabri, Nur Ahmad and Djaharuddin, Irawaty and Natsir, Bulkis and Nurisyah, Sitti and Hendarto, Joko and Ansariadi, Ansariadi and Rasiha, Rasiha and Makkaraka, Moh. Anfasa Giffari},
doi = {10.37349/ei.2024.00166},
journal = {Exploration of Immunology},
pages = {679--690},
title = {{Durability of SARS-CoV-2 IgG response: a cross-sectional study in vaccinated healthcare workers using dried blood spot and multi-antigen profiling}},
url = {https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/1003166},
volume = {4},
year = {2024},
number = {5}
}