TY  - JOUR
TI  - Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in lung cancer: a case series
AU  - Khan, Abdul Wali
AU  - Chandra, Simran
AU  - Mahadevia, Himil
AU  - Subramanian, Janakiraman
AU  - Ponvilawan, Ben
AU  - Bansal, Dhruv
PY  - 2025
JO  - Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy
VL  - 6
SP  - 1002347
DO  - 10.37349/etat.2025.1002347
UR  - https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/etat/Article/1002347
AB  - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established treatments for various malignancies, including lung, kidney, and colorectal cancers. However, their broad use has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroiditis, colitis, and pneumonitis being the most common. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe irAE characterized by excessive immune activation, leading to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. We present three cases of ICI-induced HLH in patients with lung cancer who were treated with ICIs. All patients showed elevated inflammatory markers and responded to high-dose corticosteroids without the addition of etoposide. These cases underscore the importance of early recognition and treatment of HLH in patients receiving ICIs to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Large-scale studies are needed to establish standardized guidelines for diagnosing and managing ICI-induced HLH.
ER  -