For the past 100 years, insulin supplementation has been the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is characterized by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans over the last decades, technological advances in glucose monitoring and therapeutics have greatly improved the care and management of these patients. However, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life remain challenges for patients with T1D. Islet transplantation has been successfully performed, but there are several limiting factors, such as the lack of cadaveric donors and the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, there is a great medical need for alternative therapeutic approaches. In the current review, the current knowledge on novel approaches for the treatment of T1D with a focus on the potential of using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and natural killer (NK) cells is summarized.
[Names] => Charlotte Steenblock ... Stefan R. Bornstein [Doi] => 10.37349/eemd.2023.00002 [Published] => November 17, 2023 [Viewed] => 513 [Downloaded] => 13 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eemd.2023.00002 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => 0 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Endocr Metab Dis. [Pages] => 2023;1:4–11 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Chimeric antigen receptor, natural killer cells, autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10142 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10142/285fa81712688ee88e223ee0a377e47e.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10142/e3498e46d6e01441923288f16a84a0fe.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 1 [Cited_Time] => 2024-04-26 [CitethisArticle] => Steenblock C, Eitler J, Oikonomakos IT, Arriens M, Künzel SR, Tonn T, et al. Application of chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Explor Endocr Metab Dis. 2023;1:4–11. https://doi.org/10.37349/eemd.2023.00002 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-23 01:35:03 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-23 01:35:03 [KeysWordContens] => Application of chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, Chimeric antigen receptor, natural killer cells, autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, For the past 100 years, insulin supplementation has been the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is characterized by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of insulin-producing β cells in the islets of Langerhans over the last decades, technological advances in glucose monitoring and therapeutics have greatly improved the care and management of these patients. However, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life remain challenges for patients with T1D. Islet transplantation has been successfully performed, but there are several limiting factors, such as the lack of cadaveric donors and the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, there is a great medical need for alternative therapeutic approaches. In the current review, the current knowledge on novel approaches for the treatment of T1D with a focus on the potential of using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and natural killer (NK) cells is summarized. ,Charlotte Steenblock ... Stefan R. Bornstein [PublishedText] => Online First [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 88 [Zh] => 1 ) [2] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 946 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-23 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240223014658.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10144/10144.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10144/10144.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10144/10144_cover.png [JournalsId] => 16 [Title] => Recent advances in artificial intelligence-assisted endocrinology and diabetes [Abstract] => Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained attention for various reasons in recent years, surrounded by speculation, concerns, and expectations. Despite being developed since 1960, its widespread appli [AbstractComplete] =>Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained attention for various reasons in recent years, surrounded by speculation, concerns, and expectations. Despite being developed since 1960, its widespread application took several decades due to limited computing power. Today, engineers continually improve system capabilities, enabling AI to handle more complex tasks. Fields like diagnostics and biology benefit from AI’s expansion, as the data they deal with requires sophisticated analysis beyond human capacity. This review showcases AI’s integration in endocrinology, covering molecular to phenotypic patient data. These examples demonstrate AI’s potential and power in research and medicine.
[Names] => Ioannis T. Oikonomakos ... Stefan R. Bornstein [Doi] => 10.37349/eemd.2023.00004 [Published] => November 23, 2023 [Viewed] => 472 [Downloaded] => 17 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eemd.2023.00004 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => 0 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Endocr Metab Dis. [Pages] => 2023;1:16–26 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Endocrinology, diabetes, artificial intelligence, machine learning, personalized medicine [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10144 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10144/29dd8eb9fb3893ebfb7e22e9222d91a2.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10144/5e411958f08f46005dcf9c39b2415824.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 2 [Cited_Time] => 2024-04-26 [CitethisArticle] => Oikonomakos IT, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Steenblock C, Bornstein SR. Recent advances in artificial intelligence-assisted endocrinology and diabetes. Explor Endocr Metab Dis. 2023;1:16-26. https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00004 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-23 01:41:54 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-23 01:41:54 [KeysWordContens] => Recent advances in artificial intelligence-assisted endocrinology and diabetes, Endocrinology, diabetes, artificial intelligence, machine learning, personalized medicine, Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained attention for various reasons in recent years, surrounded by speculation, concerns, and expectations. Despite being developed since 1960, its widespread application took several decades due to limited computing power. Today, engineers continually improve system capabilities, enabling AI to handle more complex tasks. Fields like diagnostics and biology benefit from AI’s expansion, as the data they deal with requires sophisticated analysis beyond human capacity. This review showcases AI’s integration in endocrinology, covering molecular to phenotypic patient data. These examples demonstrate AI’s potential and power in research and medicine. ,Ioannis T. Oikonomakos ... Stefan R. Bornstein [PublishedText] => Online First [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 88 [Zh] => 1 ) [3] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 945 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-21 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240222065125.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10143/10143.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10143/10143.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10143/10143_cover.png [JournalsId] => 16 [Title] => Unique original endocrine findings: the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial unit in steroid producing cells [Abstract] => [AbstractComplete] => [Names] => Stefan R. Bornstein ... Waldemar Kanczkowski [Doi] => 10.37349/eemd.2023.00003 [Published] => November 21, 2023 [Viewed] => 369 [Downloaded] => 11 [Subject] => Commentary [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eemd.2023.00003 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 203 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Endocr Metab Dis. [Pages] => 2023;1:12–15 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, steroid-producing cell, mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes [DetailTitle] => The HPA Axis in Health and Disease [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eemd/Special_Issues/203 [Id] => 10143 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10143/a6ee5cbed86ac17f8a39cc0e098f32de.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10143/1637d2b7e4eb0f2eee5c1820482a5d31.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 1 [Cited_Time] => 2024-04-26 [CitethisArticle] => Bornstein SR, Chen LS, Kanczkowski W. Unique original endocrine findings: the endoplasmic reticulummitochondrial unit in steroid producing cells. Explor Endocr Metab Dis. 2023;1:12–5. https://doi.org/10.37349/eemd.2023. 00003 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-22 06:51:25 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-22 06:51:25 [KeysWordContens] => Unique original endocrine findings: the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial unit in steroid producing cells, Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, steroid-producing cell, mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes,,Stefan R. Bornstein ... Waldemar Kanczkowski [PublishedText] => Online First [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 80 [Zh] => 1 ) [4] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 954 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202403/20240325014045.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10145/10145.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10145/10145.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10145/10145_cover.png [JournalsId] => 16 [Title] => Development of adrenal 3-dimensional spheroid cultures: potential for the treatment of adrenal insufficiency and neurodegenerative diseases [Abstract] => Aim: Regenerative and curative strategies would be desirable for neurodegenerative and adrenal diseases, and multipotent adrenal stem cells are considered as promising biological tools for this p [AbstractComplete] =>Regenerative and curative strategies would be desirable for neurodegenerative and adrenal diseases, and multipotent adrenal stem cells are considered as promising biological tools for this purpose. Stem-like cells with the potential to proliferate and differentiate in vivo and in vitro were discovered in both cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland. Previously, it was demonstrated that nestin-positive progenitors in the cortex and medulla, play an important role under stress. In the present study, the cultivation of these cells was optimized and their growth in vitro was characterized.
Primary cells from the adrenal cortex and medulla from Nes-GFP mice were isolated and the in vitro culture conditions promoting the growth of stem and progenitor cells using different 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture models were optimized.
Both cortical and medullary cells could be cultured for at least one month under several different low-adherence conditions maintaining their viability and potential to differentiate. Medullary cells grew faster than cortical cells. Endothelin did not affect the cultures.
Adrenomedullary and adrenocortical nestin-positive progenitor cells can be cultured long-term in 3D cultures maintaining their proliferation and differentiation capabilities. Such multidimensional models can potentially be used for drug screening to develop personalized medicines or for transplantation to treat neurodegenerative disorders or adrenal diseases, such as adrenal insufficiency.