The incidence of asthma, a heterogeneous inflammatory disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, continues to increase in developed countries. Human epithelial cells (ECs) express the alarmin-type cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) following tissue injury triggered by several environmental insults, which include allergens, smoke, pollutants, or other irritants. Furthermore, TSLP has an emerging but well-documented pathogenic role in asthma. TSLP has been called a “master switch” of allergic inflammation at the epithelial-dendritic cell (DC) interface, where it supports T helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory polarization and promotes the maintenance of Th2 memory responses. Therefore, targeting TSLP/TSLP-mediated signaling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for asthma. Several studies of anti-TSLP drugs are ongoing; the first-in-class anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) tezepelumab, the immunoglobulin G1 antibody fragment CSJ117, or TSLP-traps [a combination of anti-interleukin-13 (anti-IL-13) and anti-TSLP mAbs] all represent promising new treatment approaches. This article reviews the characteristics of TSLP and discusses the treatment of severe asthma through TSLP-associated mechanisms.
[Names] => David El-Qutob, Antonio Letran [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Published] => April 14, 2023 [Viewed] => 427 [Downloaded] => 20 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:4–10 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), alarmin [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10092 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10092/7688b5181319bc41f8a7fae45802ed23.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10092/653a4eaf7a3c3420c44a17fef707c0e7.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => El-Qutob D, Letran A. TSLP and asthma: fellow travelers. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:4–10. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => DavidEl-Qutob, [CEmail] => elqutob@comv.es, [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-12 07:01:10 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-12 07:01:10 [KeysWordContens] => TSLP and asthma: fellow travelers, Asthma, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), alarmin, The incidence of asthma, a heterogeneous inflammatory disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, continues to increase in developed countries. Human epithelial cells (ECs) express the alarmin-type cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) following tissue injury triggered by several environmental insults, which include allergens, smoke, pollutants, or other irritants. Furthermore, TSLP has an emerging but well-documented pathogenic role in asthma. TSLP has been called a “master switch” of allergic inflammation at the epithelial-dendritic cell (DC) interface, where it supports T helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory polarization and promotes the maintenance of Th2 memory responses. Therefore, targeting TSLP/TSLP-mediated signaling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for asthma. Several studies of anti-TSLP drugs are ongoing; the first-in-class anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) tezepelumab, the immunoglobulin G1 antibody fragment CSJ117, or TSLP-traps [a combination of anti-interleukin-13 (anti-IL-13) and anti-TSLP mAbs] all represent promising new treatment approaches. This article reviews the characteristics of TSLP and discusses the treatment of severe asthma through TSLP-associated mechanisms. ,David El-Qutob, Antonio Letran [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 38 ) [2] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 545 [Create_Time] => 2023-04-23 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202305/20230511031731.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => An exploratory study on the validity and reliability of the Greek translation of Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire in pediatric patients in Greece [Abstract] => Aim: Evaluation of asthma control is the first step in the management of pediatric patient symptoms. The aim of this study was to a) validate the accuracy of the Greek version of the Asthma Contr [AbstractComplete] =>Evaluation of asthma control is the first step in the management of pediatric patient symptoms. The aim of this study was to a) validate the accuracy of the Greek version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) in quantifying asthma status in Greek pediatric patients; b) compare the 6-item with the 7-item ACQ; and c) explore the discriminatory power of the ACQ in relation to medication use.
Cross-sectional analysis of pulmonary data from 64 primary school children with mild asthma (51% boys). At baseline and 6 months, pulmonary function was recorded using spirometry and asthma control using the Greek version of the ACQ. Validity was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.
Cronbach’s alpha showed good internal consistency for both the 7-item and 6-item ACQ (alpha = 0.67, 0.74 respectively). No differences in scores were observed in the presence/or absence of medication therapy.
The findings of this study showed good precision and internal consistency of the 6-item ACQ in measuring recent asthma control in Greek children of the mild-asthma phenotype, independent of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and medication use. This suggests that the 6-item questionnaire alone is potentially a robust tool in assessing asthma symptom control in children when pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are not feasible.
Lettuce allergy is uncommon and usually attributed to lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization. Most LTP-sensitized patients present with heterogeneous symptoms not only to lettuce, but to a large number of other foods and pollen allergens, including peaches, apples, Platanus, and mugwort, with peach LTP being considered as the primary sensitizer. The case of a medical student with a history of lettuce allergy investigated by skin prick tests (SPTs) and oral food challenge (OFC) is presented in this report. SPTs showed sensitization exclusively to lettuce and not to any other known cross-reacting allergens, which contrasts with previous literature and highlights the uniqueness of this case. During OFC, the patient developed generalized symptoms including abdominal discomfort, bilateral tinnitus, facial flushing, generalized itching, and urticaria. No cardiopulmonary compromise was observed at the time, and the reaction was managed with oral antihistamines. More sophisticated molecular analysis is required to identify the patient’s sensitization profile; however, SPTs and OFCs remain the most practical clinical approach. Lettuce allergy deserves further attention and investigation.
[Names] => Kyle Alexander ... Nicolaos Nicolaou [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Published] => April 26, 2023 [Viewed] => 571 [Downloaded] => 21 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:20–27 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Food allergy, lettuce allergy, lipid transfer protein, skin prick tests, oral food challenge [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10094 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10094/17e2c62422b14811c01a002368108044.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10094/119f376752cfc4465ad7f2a7edc63efc.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Alexander K, Mouzoura E, Papademetriou A, Nicolaou N. Isolated lettuce allergy in a medical student: case report and review of the literature. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:20–7. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-24 07:40:45 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-24 07:40:45 [KeysWordContens] => Isolated lettuce allergy in a medical student: case report and review of the literature, Food allergy, lettuce allergy, lipid transfer protein, skin prick tests, oral food challenge, Lettuce allergy is uncommon and usually attributed to lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization. Most LTP-sensitized patients present with heterogeneous symptoms not only to lettuce, but to a large number of other foods and pollen allergens, including peaches, apples, Platanus, and mugwort, with peach LTP being considered as the primary sensitizer. The case of a medical student with a history of lettuce allergy investigated by skin prick tests (SPTs) and oral food challenge (OFC) is presented in this report. SPTs showed sensitization exclusively to lettuce and not to any other known cross-reacting allergens, which contrasts with previous literature and highlights the uniqueness of this case. During OFC, the patient developed generalized symptoms including abdominal discomfort, bilateral tinnitus, facial flushing, generalized itching, and urticaria. No cardiopulmonary compromise was observed at the time, and the reaction was managed with oral antihistamines. More sophisticated molecular analysis is required to identify the patient’s sensitization profile; however, SPTs and OFCs remain the most practical clinical approach. Lettuce allergy deserves further attention and investigation. ,Kyle Alexander ... Nicolaos Nicolaou [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 55 ) [4] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 569 [Create_Time] => 2023-04-27 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202304/20230428054139.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095_Cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting [Abstract] => Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experien [AbstractComplete] =>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experience in managing a low-care center for COVID-19 patients was reported, trying to bring out the relevance of this type of structure in reducing the length of stay of patients in high-care settings with the consequent effect of avoiding the collapse of major hospitals. The experience of managing a low-care setting with a day hospital service inside emphasizes, even more, the role of the allergists/immunologists during the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to keeping the medical staff's specialty in a strategic role in the battle against this common enemy. Sharing all the information on public health organizations is crucial to cope in the best possible way with the present and future challenges.
[Names] => Laura Franceschini ... Alessandro Farsi [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Published] => April 27, 2023 [Viewed] => 258 [Downloaded] => 20 [Subject] => Letter to the Editor [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:28–30 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Coronavirus disease 2019, low-care, allergist/immunologist [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10095 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/ac0c979aee48cc996130b053c388ecbb.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/2b1fa03c48dfcd2a58c03807ff9665c5.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Franceschini L, Landini G, Farsi A. Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:28–30. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => AlessandroFarsi, [CEmail] => alessandro.farsi@uslcentro.toscana.it, [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-26 02:35:41 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-26 02:35:41 [KeysWordContens] => Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting, Coronavirus disease 2019, low-care, allergist/immunologist, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experience in managing a low-care center for COVID-19 patients was reported, trying to bring out the relevance of this type of structure in reducing the length of stay of patients in high-care settings with the consequent effect of avoiding the collapse of major hospitals. The experience of managing a low-care setting with a day hospital service inside emphasizes, even more, the role of the allergists/immunologists during the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to keeping the medical staff's specialty in a strategic role in the battle against this common enemy. Sharing all the information on public health organizations is crucial to cope in the best possible way with the present and future challenges. ,Laura Franceschini ... Alessandro Farsi [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 55 ) [5] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 599 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-09 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230609021443.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Abstract] => Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case [AbstractComplete] =>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case to 67 cases per one million person-years, and its pathophysiology remains unknown. It is believed that genetic factors, the environment, and changes in immune system function contribute to the development of EGPA, overlapping the immune mechanisms of vasculitides and the pathologic mechanisms in eosinophilic syndromes. This disease is commonly divided into two phenotypes depending on the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). ANCA-positive patients usually have more vasculitic manifestations like peripheral neuropathy, purpura, renal involvement, and biopsy-proven vasculitis. The keystone of EGPA therapy is systemic corticosteroids (CS) as monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressive treatments, and recently the efficacy of eosinophil-targeted biotherapy, anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5), has been shown to be efficacious in EGPA. Although this phenotype/phase distinction has not yet had an impact on the current treatment strategies, emerging targeted biotherapies under evaluation could lead to a phenotype-based approach and personalised treatment regimens for EGPA patients. The present review describes the new therapeutical approaches with biological drugs for EGPA.
[Names] => Alejandra Carrón-Herrero ... Giovanni Paoletti [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Published] => June 08, 2023 [Viewed] => 324 [Downloaded] => 31 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:31–48 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, biological therapies, c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, omalizumab, rituximab [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 10096 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/eac6147c9cb1b7f32b133539a53a0c22.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/5234f0e9ac7127076111adbb1669654b.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Carrón-Herrero A, Pelaia C, Paoletti G. New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:31–48. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-05 02:37:44 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-05 02:37:44 [KeysWordContens] => New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, biological therapies, c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, omalizumab, rituximab, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case to 67 cases per one million person-years, and its pathophysiology remains unknown. It is believed that genetic factors, the environment, and changes in immune system function contribute to the development of EGPA, overlapping the immune mechanisms of vasculitides and the pathologic mechanisms in eosinophilic syndromes. This disease is commonly divided into two phenotypes depending on the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). ANCA-positive patients usually have more vasculitic manifestations like peripheral neuropathy, purpura, renal involvement, and biopsy-proven vasculitis. The keystone of EGPA therapy is systemic corticosteroids (CS) as monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressive treatments, and recently the efficacy of eosinophil-targeted biotherapy, anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5), has been shown to be efficacious in EGPA. Although this phenotype/phase distinction has not yet had an impact on the current treatment strategies, emerging targeted biotherapies under evaluation could lead to a phenotype-based approach and personalised treatment regimens for EGPA patients. The present review describes the new therapeutical approaches with biological drugs for EGPA. ,Alejandra Carrón-Herrero ... Giovanni Paoletti [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [6] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 602 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-16 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230616050037.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Assessing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps severity by “Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis” algorithm [Abstract] => Aim: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disease with different subtypes that affect patients’ quality of life. This study aim to evaluate the severity of CRSwNP and [AbstractComplete] =>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disease with different subtypes that affect patients’ quality of life. This study aim to evaluate the severity of CRSwNP and the risk of treatment resistance using the “Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis” (JESREC) algorithm in outpatients at a university hospital.
A retrospective study was conducted reviewing the medical records of CRSwNP outpatients. Clinical data including age, sex, blood eosinophilia, computered tomography (CT) scans, presence of asthma, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use were assessed.
Medical records of 83 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP were analyzed, with 44 (53%) females and 39 (47%) males. The mean age was 61.8 years ± 14.1 years (range: 19–90 years). According to the JESREC algorithm, 9 (10.8%) patients were categorized as non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (neCRS), and 74 (89%) were classified as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS). Among the eCRS patients, 13 (17.6%) were mild, 32 (43.2%) were moderate, and 29 (39.2%) were severe. Asthma was identified as a comorbidity in 57 patients (68.6%).
A predominance of eCRS with moderate to severe risk of treatment resistance was confirmed. Considering the heterogeneity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the JESREC algorithm comes up as an instrument that uses objective criteria to assess higher risks of recurrency and refractoriness among patients before surgical treatment, helping to predict type2-driven biologics need.
A case report of fish allergy is exposed. The responsible allergen was fish collagen, and there was no sensitization to parvalbumin (main fish allergen). The patient acquired collagen sensitization by occupational exposition, not by ingestion.
[Names] => Felipe Santos Vicente ... Borja Bartolomé Zavala [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Published] => June 30, 2023 [Viewed] => 295 [Downloaded] => 23 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:55–59 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Fish, food allergy, collagen, gelatin, occupational, shark cartilage [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10098 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10098/12868e0c2f322efa8177cb343f5d8687.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10098/a9e6e7cf992be4b45feaa7e4019fa80e.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Santos Vicente F, Latasa Eceizabarrena M, Santos Latasa B, Bartolomé Zavala B. Food fish allergy as a result of occupational exposure to fish collagen. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:55–9. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => FelipeSantos Vicente, [CEmail] => fsantos@saludcastillayleon.es, [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-29 08:25:05 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-29 08:25:05 [KeysWordContens] => Food fish allergy as a result of occupational exposure to fish collagen, Fish, food allergy, collagen, gelatin, occupational, shark cartilage, A case report of fish allergy is exposed. The responsible allergen was fish collagen, and there was no sensitization to parvalbumin (main fish allergen). The patient acquired collagen sensitization by occupational exposition, not by ingestion. ,Felipe Santos Vicente ... Borja Bartolomé Zavala [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 38 ) [8] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 648 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-30 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230630105616.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies [Abstract] => The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointes [AbstractComplete] =>The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract unrelated to drugs or infections, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most frequent form. EGIDs are complex disorders, which pathogenesis is still partially unknown. The diagnosis of EGIDs relies on the combination of different data, such as clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, endoscopic, and histological data. The gold standard at present is the histological examination obtained from biopsies under endoscopic guidance, but the diagnostic criteria for each disorder are still not fully defined, and few clinical scores are validated, for all these reasons, conducting clinical trials on EGIDs is challenging. The dietary approach remains currently a first-line treatment, despite its efficacy being influenced by patients’ compliance. Exclusion diets, nevertheless, involve potential nutritional deficiencies. Two of the pivotal pharmacological therapies for the treatment of EGIDs are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), especially for EoE, and systemic or topical steroids. Long-term corticosteroid therapies are, however, associated with even severe side effects, so steroid-sparing therapies are needed to achieve the same results, in the last years monoclonal antibodies have been studied. To date, dupilumab is the only approved biological drug for EoE therapy, but many others are currently being tested in clinical trials also for the other forms of EGIDs. This work presents a complete review of the role of biological drugs in EGIDs to date, systematically structured by pathology.
[Names] => Francesca Losa, Arianna Cingolani [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Published] => June 30, 2023 [Viewed] => 310 [Downloaded] => 22 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:60–72 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases, biological drugs, emerging therapies [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 10099 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/2ff9109d73b4e5052a0ae26b347b49fb.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/a299846dc1a89cfce543fe87be1c3bf2.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Losa F, Cingolani A. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:60–72. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-30 09:14:16 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-30 09:14:16 [KeysWordContens] => Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies, Eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases, biological drugs, emerging therapies, The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract unrelated to drugs or infections, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most frequent form. EGIDs are complex disorders, which pathogenesis is still partially unknown. The diagnosis of EGIDs relies on the combination of different data, such as clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, endoscopic, and histological data. The gold standard at present is the histological examination obtained from biopsies under endoscopic guidance, but the diagnostic criteria for each disorder are still not fully defined, and few clinical scores are validated, for all these reasons, conducting clinical trials on EGIDs is challenging. The dietary approach remains currently a first-line treatment, despite its efficacy being influenced by patients’ compliance. Exclusion diets, nevertheless, involve potential nutritional deficiencies. Two of the pivotal pharmacological therapies for the treatment of EGIDs are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), especially for EoE, and systemic or topical steroids. Long-term corticosteroid therapies are, however, associated with even severe side effects, so steroid-sparing therapies are needed to achieve the same results, in the last years monoclonal antibodies have been studied. To date, dupilumab is the only approved biological drug for EoE therapy, but many others are currently being tested in clinical trials also for the other forms of EGIDs. This work presents a complete review of the role of biological drugs in EGIDs to date, systematically structured by pathology. ,Francesca Losa, Arianna Cingolani [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 69 ) [9] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 720 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831024252.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts [Abstract] => In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of r [AbstractComplete] =>In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of reactivity (IR). In this context, house dust mite (HDM) Staloral 300 IR/mL, from Stallergenes Greer, and HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL, from ALK-Abelló, were characterized in vitro. Qualitatively, namely in terms of protein and allergen profiles, the two products were similar. Quantitatively, and despite the same 300 IR/mL labeling, the two products were shown to have different biological potencies, with HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL displaying a 2.4 times higher total allergenic activity (TAA) than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. This higher biological potency of HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was paralleled by higher allergen and protein contents, namely 1.5 times more Der p 1 and Der f 1, 3.0 times more group 2 allergens, 2.7 times more Der p 23, and 1.8 times more protein. In contrast, HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was shown to contain far fewer culture medium-derived proteins than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL.
[Names] => Thierry Batard ... Laurent Mascarell [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Published] => August 27, 2023 [Viewed] => 348 [Downloaded] => 28 [Subject] => Letter to the Editor [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:107–114 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Allergen extract, allergen immunotherapy, standardization, unit definition [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 100912 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/810ddbf5f42654a1da22d4feee3d8d66.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/ba977b291628dec9c53656635cefd0f0.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Batard T, Dreux S, Rouet M, Jain K, Péguillat C, Delecroix M, et al. Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:107–14. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:56 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:56 [KeysWordContens] => Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts, Allergen extract, allergen immunotherapy, standardization, unit definition, In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of reactivity (IR). In this context, house dust mite (HDM) Staloral 300 IR/mL, from Stallergenes Greer, and HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL, from ALK-Abelló, were characterized in vitro. Qualitatively, namely in terms of protein and allergen profiles, the two products were similar. Quantitatively, and despite the same 300 IR/mL labeling, the two products were shown to have different biological potencies, with HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL displaying a 2.4 times higher total allergenic activity (TAA) than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. This higher biological potency of HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was paralleled by higher allergen and protein contents, namely 1.5 times more Der p 1 and Der f 1, 3.0 times more group 2 allergens, 2.7 times more Der p 23, and 1.8 times more protein. In contrast, HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was shown to contain far fewer culture medium-derived proteins than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. ,Thierry Batard ... Laurent Mascarell [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [10] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 677 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-15 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831033317.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison? [Abstract] => Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a particularly significant role in asthma development and clinical manifestations. Obesity is a considerable risk factor for asthma development and morbidity in children and adults. A growing body of evidence suggests that SAD is linked to more severe asthma and poor asthma control in obese patients. However, the knowledge about the relationship between peripheral airway compromise and obesity in asthma is limited, mainly because of the historical lack of access to non-invasive assessment methods for studying SAD. Conventional lung function measurements, like spirometry, cannot accurately assess small airway function. However, in recent years, new specialized tests available in outpatient settings have been found to distinguish SAD from large airway obstruction more accurately compared to spirometry. Therefore, understanding the degree of peripheral airway implication in the underlying pathology is critical for effective asthma control and therapeutic decisions. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of SAD on asthma patients who are obese. Additionally, it explores how new diagnostic methods, such as impulse oscillometry (IOS), may be used in outpatient settings to detect small airway impairment in obese asthma at an early stage, potentially leading to improved asthma treatment.
[Names] => Jack Pepys ... Marcello Cottini [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Published] => August 15, 2023 [Viewed] => 394 [Downloaded] => 24 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 114 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:73–88 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, obesity, impulse oscillometry, multiple breath washout, small airway dysfunction, small airways [DetailTitle] => Small Airways Disease Across the Ages [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/114 [Id] => 100910 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/195e2f5e43e951260723aab3931ac5bf.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/be0238e800abbc6bf002b9f7a4dbb828.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Pepys J, Lombardi C, Comberiati P, Landi M, Berti A, Heffler E, et al. Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison? Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:73–88. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:14:31 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:14:31 [KeysWordContens] => Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison?, Asthma, obesity, impulse oscillometry, multiple breath washout, small airway dysfunction, small airways, Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a particularly significant role in asthma development and clinical manifestations. Obesity is a considerable risk factor for asthma development and morbidity in children and adults. A growing body of evidence suggests that SAD is linked to more severe asthma and poor asthma control in obese patients. However, the knowledge about the relationship between peripheral airway compromise and obesity in asthma is limited, mainly because of the historical lack of access to non-invasive assessment methods for studying SAD. Conventional lung function measurements, like spirometry, cannot accurately assess small airway function. However, in recent years, new specialized tests available in outpatient settings have been found to distinguish SAD from large airway obstruction more accurately compared to spirometry. Therefore, understanding the degree of peripheral airway implication in the underlying pathology is critical for effective asthma control and therapeutic decisions. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of SAD on asthma patients who are obese. Additionally, it explores how new diagnostic methods, such as impulse oscillometry (IOS), may be used in outpatient settings to detect small airway impairment in obese asthma at an early stage, potentially leading to improved asthma treatment. ,Jack Pepys ... Marcello Cottini [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [11] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 688 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-24 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831030723.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease? [Abstract] => Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hype [AbstractComplete] =>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, presenting recurrent asthma exacerbation and poor clinical outcomes. Patients with NERD have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes/endotypes, and the management of NERD remains challenging. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms in the upper and lower airways of NERD. To date, increased levels of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) [a terminal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway] have been the most relevant biomarker for NERD. It is demonstrated that mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells can amplify upper and lower airway inflammation in NERD, and several potential biomarkers based on these complicated and heterogeneous mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes potential biomarkers for application in the management of NERD.
[Names] => Hyo-In Rhyou ... Hae-Sim Park [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Published] => August 24, 2023 [Viewed] => 198 [Downloaded] => 20 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:89–106 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, aspirin-induced, biomarkers, cysteinyl leukotriene, eosinophils, epithelial cells, mast cells, platelet activation [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 100911 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/3ac27cc6607f47f90cf4709cd9e8076d.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/23da8fc5b3d533f71851358a0286229a.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Rhyou HI, Nam YH, Park HS. Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exacerbated respiratory disease? Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:89–106. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:12 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:12 [KeysWordContens] => Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease?, Asthma, aspirin-induced, biomarkers, cysteinyl leukotriene, eosinophils, epithelial cells, mast cells, platelet activation, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, presenting recurrent asthma exacerbation and poor clinical outcomes. Patients with NERD have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes/endotypes, and the management of NERD remains challenging. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms in the upper and lower airways of NERD. To date, increased levels of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) [a terminal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway] have been the most relevant biomarker for NERD. It is demonstrated that mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells can amplify upper and lower airway inflammation in NERD, and several potential biomarkers based on these complicated and heterogeneous mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes potential biomarkers for application in the management of NERD. ,Hyo-In Rhyou ... Hae-Sim Park [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [12] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 832 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-10 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202311/20231115045830.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries [Abstract] => The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between res [AbstractComplete] =>The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between research and current medical practice by presenting the best available evidence to aid clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient outcomes, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. Guidelines are particularly useful in situations where scientific evidence is limited, multiple treatment options exist, or there is uncertainty about the best course of action. However, due to variations in healthcare system structures, many countries have developed their own local guidelines for the management of asthma. Adoption of GINA recommendations into local guidelines has been uneven across different countries, with some embracing the changes while others continue to follow older approaches. This review article will explore the impact of the noteworthy changes in GINA guidelines, particularly in the 2019 version, on local guidelines and some of the challenges associated with implementing them.
[Names] => Riyad Allehebi, Hamdan AL-Jahdali [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Published] => October 10, 2023 [Viewed] => 246 [Downloaded] => 16 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 125 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:115–125 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), national asthma guidelines, international asthma guidelines, adherence to guidelines, implementation of guidelines [DetailTitle] => The Global Picture of Asthma after Guideline Changes and the COVID Pandemics [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/125 [Id] => 100913 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/1cab9197ff44680c9157510d537ac56b.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/f6abeeb81d829db8056613ecceffeac3.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Allehebi R, AL-Jahdali H. Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:115–25. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => RiyadAllehebi, [CEmail] => riyad.lehebi@gmail.com, [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-07 07:21:15 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-07 07:21:15 [KeysWordContens] => Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries, Asthma, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), national asthma guidelines, international asthma guidelines, adherence to guidelines, implementation of guidelines, The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between research and current medical practice by presenting the best available evidence to aid clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient outcomes, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. Guidelines are particularly useful in situations where scientific evidence is limited, multiple treatment options exist, or there is uncertainty about the best course of action. However, due to variations in healthcare system structures, many countries have developed their own local guidelines for the management of asthma. Adoption of GINA recommendations into local guidelines has been uneven across different countries, with some embracing the changes while others continue to follow older approaches. This review article will explore the impact of the noteworthy changes in GINA guidelines, particularly in the 2019 version, on local guidelines and some of the challenges associated with implementing them. ,Riyad Allehebi, Hamdan AL-Jahdali [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [13] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 855 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-20 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231030080000.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies [Abstract] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. [AbstractComplete] =>Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. Because some efficacy and safety concerns still remain, biologic drugs, including omalizumab and dupilumab, have been studied as an adjunctive therapy to AIT for these conditions. In this article, the evidence supporting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an add-on therapy to AIT for FA, AR, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy has been reviewed. The review will delve into the mechanisms of action of different mAbs, their efficacy, and how they can be integrated into personalized medicine approaches to treat allergic diseases. Furthermore, future research areas will be considered. Evidence suggests that omalizumab in combination with AIT may be a beneficial option for respiratory allergies or food desensitisation, especially during the escalation or build-up phase, when adverse events are more frequent. Currently, there is a small number of well-structured clinical trials in Hymenoptera venom allergy, and the available data consist mainly of single-case reports that provide information of limited value. Dupilumab has been studied as adjunctive therapy in patients with respiratory and FAs. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab as monotherapy or as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut allergy. Other studies are investigating the use of dupilumab in patients with multiple FAs and as an adjunct to milk OIT. Overall, mAbs have the potential to improve outcomes in various allergic conditions when used as an add-on to AIT, especially during the build-up phase. Further research is needed to fully understand their optimal dosing and duration of treatment, as well as to identify which patients may benefit the most from these therapies.
[Names] => Palma Carlucci ... Danilo Di Bona [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Published] => October 20, 2023 [Viewed] => 255 [Downloaded] => 23 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:126–141 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy, biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies, omalizumab, dupilumab, food allergy, respiratory allergy, Hymenoptera venom allergy [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 100914 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/135d7e2106dfa58e215ae223ec8f4c14.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/a69989e9c9f6163a357df92abaf67bf1.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Carlucci P, Spataro F, Daddato MF, Paoletti G, Di Bona D. Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:126–41. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-30 07:38:20 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-30 07:39:39 [KeysWordContens] => Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies, Allergen-specific immunotherapy, biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies, omalizumab, dupilumab, food allergy, respiratory allergy, Hymenoptera venom allergy, Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. Because some efficacy and safety concerns still remain, biologic drugs, including omalizumab and dupilumab, have been studied as an adjunctive therapy to AIT for these conditions. In this article, the evidence supporting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an add-on therapy to AIT for FA, AR, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy has been reviewed. The review will delve into the mechanisms of action of different mAbs, their efficacy, and how they can be integrated into personalized medicine approaches to treat allergic diseases. Furthermore, future research areas will be considered. Evidence suggests that omalizumab in combination with AIT may be a beneficial option for respiratory allergies or food desensitisation, especially during the escalation or build-up phase, when adverse events are more frequent. Currently, there is a small number of well-structured clinical trials in Hymenoptera venom allergy, and the available data consist mainly of single-case reports that provide information of limited value. Dupilumab has been studied as adjunctive therapy in patients with respiratory and FAs. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab as monotherapy or as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut allergy. Other studies are investigating the use of dupilumab in patients with multiple FAs and as an adjunct to milk OIT. Overall, mAbs have the potential to improve outcomes in various allergic conditions when used as an add-on to AIT, especially during the build-up phase. Further research is needed to fully understand their optimal dosing and duration of treatment, as well as to identify which patients may benefit the most from these therapies. ,Palma Carlucci ... Danilo Di Bona [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [14] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 913 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-31 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231031085508.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Safety of 2-day rush induction protocol in sublingual immunotherapy with Pru p 3 [Abstract] => Aim: Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) clinically manifests from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to anaphylaxis. The risk of systemic symptoms and cross-reactivity make it an important target [AbstractComplete] =>Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) clinically manifests from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to anaphylaxis. The risk of systemic symptoms and cross-reactivity make it an important target for allergen immunotherapy. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Pru p 3 is effective and safe, but the induction phase (IP) of standard protocol (SP) is time consuming. Rush protocols (RPs) are described without serious adverse effects. The aim was to compare the safety of RP with SP and assess the existence of predictive factors for adverse reactions (ARs).
Retrospective study of patients with LTP syndrome followed at the Food Allergy Unit undergoing SLIT with Pru p 3 between 2012 and 2021. SP has an IP of 4 days and an RP of 2 days. The safety of the IP was assessed by recording the AR.
Fifty-one patients: 41 (73.2% women) in SP group (SPG) and 10 (80% women) in RP group (RPG). Anaphylaxis as a presentation of LTP syndrome was overlapping in both groups (SPG 34.1%, RPG 33.3%). There were 5 (12.2%) ARs in SPG: 3 (60%) OAS, 1 (20%) oropharyngeal tightness, and 1 (20%) uvula edema; and 5 (50%) ARs in RPG: 4 (80%) OAS and 1 (20%) palmar pruritus and cough. All patients completed IP. Mean Pru p 3 specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) value (kUA/L) of patients with ARs in IP: 6.7 kUA/L in SPG and 5.7 kUA/L in RPG. No group showed significant differences (P > 0.05) between Pru p 3 sIgE value, presence of atopy or greater severity in LTP syndrome presentation, and greater probability of AR/more severe ARs in IP.
ARs in IP were similar in both groups. No association was found between Pru p 3 value, atopy and higher probability of ARs in IP. RP appears to be a safe and less expensive option.
It is well known that adolescent patients often have less than optimal outcomes. Adolescence is a time of much transition, physically, emotionally, and socially all of which have effects on asthma management and outcomes. Pubertal changes affect asthma, but mostly it is the move towards independence from the parents, peer pressures, stigma of illness, and adherence issues that cause the issue. It is thus important to learn to treat the patient directly, wherein currently often children are treated through the parent, to ensure success.
[Names] => Alan Kaplan [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00016 [Published] => October 31, 2023 [Viewed] => 158 [Downloaded] => 13 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/eaa.2023.00016 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 99 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:153–162 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, adherence, adolescents, stigma, peer [DetailTitle] => Precision Medicine in Allergy and Rhinology [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/99 [Id] => 100916 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100916/ff791d9433b0a12acd5b7b729f53927d.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100916/6669aef6481596900e154d40a890215d.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Kaplan A. Precision medicine: how to approach the adolescent asthmatic. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:153–62. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00016 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-31 08:36:22 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-31 08:36:22 [KeysWordContens] => Precision medicine: how to approach the adolescent asthmatic, Asthma, adherence, adolescents, stigma, peer, It is well known that adolescent patients often have less than optimal outcomes. Adolescence is a time of much transition, physically, emotionally, and socially all of which have effects on asthma management and outcomes. Pubertal changes affect asthma, but mostly it is the move towards independence from the parents, peer pressures, stigma of illness, and adherence issues that cause the issue. It is thus important to learn to treat the patient directly, wherein currently often children are treated through the parent, to ensure success. ,Alan Kaplan [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 ) [16] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 915 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-01 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231031025622.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings [Abstract] => Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway i [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway involvement (internal diameter < 2 mm) has been shown to represent one of the main determinants of asthma and asthma control. In fact, compared to large airway involvement, small airway dysfunction (SAD) has been demonstrated across all the asthma severity in the majority of patients, as assessed with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps. Clinically, SAD is associated with, among other features, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, asthma-related night awakenings, obesity/overweight, more severe airway hyperresponsiveness, worse asthma control, and more severe exacerbations. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a forced oscillation technique (FOT) requiring less effort than spirometry from the patients, demonstrated to accurately measure SAD in children and adults. The fall in resistance from 5 Hz to 20 Hz (R5–R20), which is the most used index for the resistance of peripheral airways, is how SAD is usually identified by IOS. Other crucial parameters measured by IOS are the reactance at 5 Hz (X5), reflecting elastic recoil of the peripheral airways, the resonant frequency (Fres), which is the frequency at which the inertial properties of the airway and the capacitance of the lung periphery are equal, and the reactance area (AX), reflecting the elastic properties of the lung periphery. In this mini review, the latest findings on the utility of IOS to identify SAD and the associations between SAD and clinical features in adult asthmatic patients were addressed.
[Names] => Marcello Cottini ... Alvise Berti [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Published] => October 31, 2023 [Viewed] => 215 [Downloaded] => 17 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 114 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:163–173 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, adults, small airways dysfunction, impulse oscillometry [DetailTitle] => Small Airways Disease Across the Ages [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/114 [Id] => 100917 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/5fbcd73c4f3e9c163fc025e2e7b5dfd2.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/a7b50fff7189d19e0ecc8d9c80edd04e.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Cottini M, Lombardi C, Comberiati P, Landi M, Berti A. Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:163–73. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-30 08:53:15 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-30 08:53:15 [KeysWordContens] => Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings, Asthma, adults, small airways dysfunction, impulse oscillometry, Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway involvement (internal diameter < 2 mm) has been shown to represent one of the main determinants of asthma and asthma control. In fact, compared to large airway involvement, small airway dysfunction (SAD) has been demonstrated across all the asthma severity in the majority of patients, as assessed with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps. Clinically, SAD is associated with, among other features, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, asthma-related night awakenings, obesity/overweight, more severe airway hyperresponsiveness, worse asthma control, and more severe exacerbations. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a forced oscillation technique (FOT) requiring less effort than spirometry from the patients, demonstrated to accurately measure SAD in children and adults. The fall in resistance from 5 Hz to 20 Hz (R5–R20), which is the most used index for the resistance of peripheral airways, is how SAD is usually identified by IOS. Other crucial parameters measured by IOS are the reactance at 5 Hz (X5), reflecting elastic recoil of the peripheral airways, the resonant frequency (Fres), which is the frequency at which the inertial properties of the airway and the capacitance of the lung periphery are equal, and the reactance area (AX), reflecting the elastic properties of the lung periphery. In this mini review, the latest findings on the utility of IOS to identify SAD and the associations between SAD and clinical features in adult asthmatic patients were addressed. ,Marcello Cottini ... Alvise Berti [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 ) [17] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 936 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-20 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202311/20231120025112.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma [Abstract] => Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a [AbstractComplete] =>Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a relatively small proportion of asthma patients, severe refractory asthma places a substantial burden on healthcare resources and contributes significantly to illness and death. Additionally, the quality of life of patients is greatly affected by the adverse effects of excessive steroid consumption, there is a need to identify individuals who do not react well to steroid medication and the ongoing difficulties of these asthma patients in controlling their diseases, which have a large socio-economic impact. The current short article reviews the common molecular mechanisms responsible for steroid resistance in asthma patients.
[Names] => Mandya V. Greeshma ... Padukudru Anand Mahesh [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Published] => November 20, 2023 [Viewed] => 129 [Downloaded] => 12 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 237 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:174–185 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Steroid-resistant asthma, glucocorticoid receptor, gluco-corticosteroids [DetailTitle] => Epidemiology of Asthma - Global Perspectives, Host and Environmental Risk Factors and Strategies for Mitigation [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/237 [Id] => 100918 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/66188f8f02f5a89228c6c43a42cd71d3.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/baf24faf431e437bc0184190665b0a29.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Greeshma MV, Kaleem Ullah M, Mabalirajan U, Madhunapantula SV, Mahesh PA. Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:174–85. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-11-14 07:14:09 [Bib_Time] => 2023-11-14 07:14:09 [KeysWordContens] => Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma, Steroid-resistant asthma, glucocorticoid receptor, gluco-corticosteroids, Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a relatively small proportion of asthma patients, severe refractory asthma places a substantial burden on healthcare resources and contributes significantly to illness and death. Additionally, the quality of life of patients is greatly affected by the adverse effects of excessive steroid consumption, there is a need to identify individuals who do not react well to steroid medication and the ongoing difficulties of these asthma patients in controlling their diseases, which have a large socio-economic impact. The current short article reviews the common molecular mechanisms responsible for steroid resistance in asthma patients. ,Mandya V. Greeshma ... Padukudru Anand Mahesh [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 72 ) [18] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 949 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202311/20231128085655.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Specific immunoglobulin E profiles in sensitized Swedish and Spanish children with severe asthma [Abstract] => Aim: Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and generates a considerable economic impact. This study aims to compare the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) profile in sensitized children with [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and generates a considerable economic impact. This study aims to compare the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) profile in sensitized children with severe asthma from two countries with great geographic and climatic differences.
A cross-sectional study was performed using serum samples analysed with a multiplex tool in 47 children from Sweden and 29 children from Spain.
Patients from Spain were significantly more often sensitized to house dust mites, cockroaches, dogs, Alternaria, Cladosporium, pollen from olive trees, cypress, Platanus, and Parietaria, and to Anisakis and shrimp. Swedish patients were significantly more often sensitized to cats, pollen from birch, hazel, and Alnus, and to apple, soy, and peanut (all P < 0.05). With regard to sensitization to allergen molecules, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD)-bearing proteins and tropomyosins were more frequent in Spain, while sensitization to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins (PR-10) molecules and to peanut storage proteins were more common in Sweden.
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) profile in sensitized children with severe asthma differed greatly between Sweden and Spain. The profile results were more similar to that reported in the literature for other sensitized children from the same geographic areas with non-severe disease than to that of severe asthmatics from different areas.