The incidence of asthma, a heterogeneous inflammatory disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, continues to increase in developed countries. Human epithelial cells (ECs) express the alarmin-type cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) following tissue injury triggered by several environmental insults, which include allergens, smoke, pollutants, or other irritants. Furthermore, TSLP has an emerging but well-documented pathogenic role in asthma. TSLP has been called a “master switch” of allergic inflammation at the epithelial-dendritic cell (DC) interface, where it supports T helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory polarization and promotes the maintenance of Th2 memory responses. Therefore, targeting TSLP/TSLP-mediated signaling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for asthma. Several studies of anti-TSLP drugs are ongoing; the first-in-class anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) tezepelumab, the immunoglobulin G1 antibody fragment CSJ117, or TSLP-traps [a combination of anti-interleukin-13 (anti-IL-13) and anti-TSLP mAbs] all represent promising new treatment approaches. This article reviews the characteristics of TSLP and discusses the treatment of severe asthma through TSLP-associated mechanisms.
[Names] => David El-Qutob, Antonio Letran [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Published] => April 14, 2023 [Viewed] => 582 [Downloaded] => 21 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:4–10 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), alarmin [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10092 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10092/7688b5181319bc41f8a7fae45802ed23.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10092/653a4eaf7a3c3420c44a17fef707c0e7.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => El-Qutob D, Letran A. TSLP and asthma: fellow travelers. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:4–10. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00002 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => DavidEl-Qutob, [CEmail] => elqutob@comv.es, [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-12 07:01:10 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-12 07:01:10 [KeysWordContens] => TSLP and asthma: fellow travelers, Asthma, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), alarmin, The incidence of asthma, a heterogeneous inflammatory disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, continues to increase in developed countries. Human epithelial cells (ECs) express the alarmin-type cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) following tissue injury triggered by several environmental insults, which include allergens, smoke, pollutants, or other irritants. Furthermore, TSLP has an emerging but well-documented pathogenic role in asthma. TSLP has been called a “master switch” of allergic inflammation at the epithelial-dendritic cell (DC) interface, where it supports T helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory polarization and promotes the maintenance of Th2 memory responses. Therefore, targeting TSLP/TSLP-mediated signaling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for asthma. Several studies of anti-TSLP drugs are ongoing; the first-in-class anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) tezepelumab, the immunoglobulin G1 antibody fragment CSJ117, or TSLP-traps [a combination of anti-interleukin-13 (anti-IL-13) and anti-TSLP mAbs] all represent promising new treatment approaches. This article reviews the characteristics of TSLP and discusses the treatment of severe asthma through TSLP-associated mechanisms. ,David El-Qutob, Antonio Letran [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 38 [Zh] => 1 ) [2] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 545 [Create_Time] => 2023-04-23 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202305/20230511031731.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10093/10093_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => An exploratory study on the validity and reliability of the Greek translation of Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire in pediatric patients in Greece [Abstract] => Aim: Evaluation of asthma control is the first step in the management of pediatric patient symptoms. The aim of this study was to a) validate the accuracy of the Greek version of the Asthma Contr [AbstractComplete] =>Evaluation of asthma control is the first step in the management of pediatric patient symptoms. The aim of this study was to a) validate the accuracy of the Greek version of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) in quantifying asthma status in Greek pediatric patients; b) compare the 6-item with the 7-item ACQ; and c) explore the discriminatory power of the ACQ in relation to medication use.
Cross-sectional analysis of pulmonary data from 64 primary school children with mild asthma (51% boys). At baseline and 6 months, pulmonary function was recorded using spirometry and asthma control using the Greek version of the ACQ. Validity was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.
Cronbach’s alpha showed good internal consistency for both the 7-item and 6-item ACQ (alpha = 0.67, 0.74 respectively). No differences in scores were observed in the presence/or absence of medication therapy.
The findings of this study showed good precision and internal consistency of the 6-item ACQ in measuring recent asthma control in Greek children of the mild-asthma phenotype, independent of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and medication use. This suggests that the 6-item questionnaire alone is potentially a robust tool in assessing asthma symptom control in children when pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are not feasible.
Lettuce allergy is uncommon and usually attributed to lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization. Most LTP-sensitized patients present with heterogeneous symptoms not only to lettuce, but to a large number of other foods and pollen allergens, including peaches, apples, Platanus, and mugwort, with peach LTP being considered as the primary sensitizer. The case of a medical student with a history of lettuce allergy investigated by skin prick tests (SPTs) and oral food challenge (OFC) is presented in this report. SPTs showed sensitization exclusively to lettuce and not to any other known cross-reacting allergens, which contrasts with previous literature and highlights the uniqueness of this case. During OFC, the patient developed generalized symptoms including abdominal discomfort, bilateral tinnitus, facial flushing, generalized itching, and urticaria. No cardiopulmonary compromise was observed at the time, and the reaction was managed with oral antihistamines. More sophisticated molecular analysis is required to identify the patient’s sensitization profile; however, SPTs and OFCs remain the most practical clinical approach. Lettuce allergy deserves further attention and investigation.
[Names] => Kyle Alexander ... Nicolaos Nicolaou [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Published] => April 26, 2023 [Viewed] => 1409 [Downloaded] => 24 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:20–27 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Food allergy, lettuce allergy, lipid transfer protein, skin prick tests, oral food challenge [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10094 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10094/17e2c62422b14811c01a002368108044.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10094/119f376752cfc4465ad7f2a7edc63efc.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Alexander K, Mouzoura E, Papademetriou A, Nicolaou N. Isolated lettuce allergy in a medical student: case report and review of the literature. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:20–7. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00004 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-24 07:40:45 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-24 07:40:45 [KeysWordContens] => Isolated lettuce allergy in a medical student: case report and review of the literature, Food allergy, lettuce allergy, lipid transfer protein, skin prick tests, oral food challenge, Lettuce allergy is uncommon and usually attributed to lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization. Most LTP-sensitized patients present with heterogeneous symptoms not only to lettuce, but to a large number of other foods and pollen allergens, including peaches, apples, Platanus, and mugwort, with peach LTP being considered as the primary sensitizer. The case of a medical student with a history of lettuce allergy investigated by skin prick tests (SPTs) and oral food challenge (OFC) is presented in this report. SPTs showed sensitization exclusively to lettuce and not to any other known cross-reacting allergens, which contrasts with previous literature and highlights the uniqueness of this case. During OFC, the patient developed generalized symptoms including abdominal discomfort, bilateral tinnitus, facial flushing, generalized itching, and urticaria. No cardiopulmonary compromise was observed at the time, and the reaction was managed with oral antihistamines. More sophisticated molecular analysis is required to identify the patient’s sensitization profile; however, SPTs and OFCs remain the most practical clinical approach. Lettuce allergy deserves further attention and investigation. ,Kyle Alexander ... Nicolaos Nicolaou [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 55 [Zh] => 1 ) [4] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 569 [Create_Time] => 2023-04-27 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202304/20230428054139.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/10095_Cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting [Abstract] => Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experien [AbstractComplete] =>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experience in managing a low-care center for COVID-19 patients was reported, trying to bring out the relevance of this type of structure in reducing the length of stay of patients in high-care settings with the consequent effect of avoiding the collapse of major hospitals. The experience of managing a low-care setting with a day hospital service inside emphasizes, even more, the role of the allergists/immunologists during the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to keeping the medical staff's specialty in a strategic role in the battle against this common enemy. Sharing all the information on public health organizations is crucial to cope in the best possible way with the present and future challenges.
[Names] => Laura Franceschini ... Alessandro Farsi [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Published] => April 27, 2023 [Viewed] => 451 [Downloaded] => 20 [Subject] => Letter to the Editor [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:28–30 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Coronavirus disease 2019, low-care, allergist/immunologist [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10095 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/ac0c979aee48cc996130b053c388ecbb.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10095/2b1fa03c48dfcd2a58c03807ff9665c5.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Franceschini L, Landini G, Farsi A. Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:28–30. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00005 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => AlessandroFarsi, [CEmail] => alessandro.farsi@uslcentro.toscana.it, [Ris_Time] => 2023-04-26 02:35:41 [Bib_Time] => 2023-04-26 02:35:41 [KeysWordContens] => Allergists/immunologists facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the experience of managing a low-care setting, Coronavirus disease 2019, low-care, allergist/immunologist, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally and also for allergists/immunologists. The Pegaso low-care COVID center's experience in managing a low-care center for COVID-19 patients was reported, trying to bring out the relevance of this type of structure in reducing the length of stay of patients in high-care settings with the consequent effect of avoiding the collapse of major hospitals. The experience of managing a low-care setting with a day hospital service inside emphasizes, even more, the role of the allergists/immunologists during the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to keeping the medical staff's specialty in a strategic role in the battle against this common enemy. Sharing all the information on public health organizations is crucial to cope in the best possible way with the present and future challenges. ,Laura Franceschini ... Alessandro Farsi [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 55 [Zh] => 1 ) [5] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1081 [Create_Time] => 2024-01-30 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240226062229.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100925/100925.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100925/100925.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100925/100925_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Clinical responses and relapses in omalizumab-assisted desensitization to food in children: long-term evolution in real life [Abstract] => Desensitization (DSZ) or oral tolerance induction is increasingly used in children who do not outgrow their food allergies. Off-label omalizumab (OMZ) is used as adjuvant therapy for those with seve [AbstractComplete] =>Desensitization (DSZ) or oral tolerance induction is increasingly used in children who do not outgrow their food allergies. Off-label omalizumab (OMZ) is used as adjuvant therapy for those with severe reactions, but there is little information on outcomes when OMZ is withdrawn. The long-term outcome in a group of children with severe milk or egg allergy who had undergone an OMZ-assisted DSZ procedure is here described. Clinical data from 21 children from the time they started DSZ until database closure were retrospectively collected, to assess the appearance of symptoms and response to clinical decisions under real-life conditions. Patients received OMZ before, during, and after the DSZ procedure itself and OMZ was subsequently discontinued. The scheduled treatment protocol had to be changed in almost all patients due to reactions or individual needs. Three of 21 patients had to prematurely abandon the procedure due to DSZ failure. The other 18 patients were able to tolerate the target dose of food, but nine of them developed symptoms when eating the food 1.5 to 6 months after stopping OMZ. These patients underwent a second course of OMZ-assisted DSZ, which was successful in six, but three had a second relapse 3 to 8 months after stopping OMZ and decided to quit. OMZ-assisted DSZ failed in almost a third of patients with severe allergy even after a second course of OMZ, almost 40% had a successful outcome with one course of OMZ, while almost a third required a second course. Relapses of symptoms occurred up to six months after stopping OMZ.
[Names] => Angel Mazon ... Antonio Nieto [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00025 [Published] => January 30, 2024 [Viewed] => 267 [Downloaded] => 11 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00025 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 169 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:2–8 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Omalizumab, desensitization, children, food allergy, induction of oral tolerance [DetailTitle] => The Different Faces of Food Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/169 [Id] => 100925 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100925/1ca3fd425e48444f4aad5eb559eb4971.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100925/3f1f69da7349e21202673c30848a82d9.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Mazon A, Jang DT, Ferrer B, Uixera S, Perez-Sabido M, Ibañez L, et al. Clinical responses and relapses in omalizumab-assisted desensitization to food in children: long-term evolution in real life. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:2–8. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00025 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-01-19 08:32:34 [Bib_Time] => 2024-01-19 08:32:34 [KeysWordContens] => Clinical responses and relapses in omalizumab-assisted desensitization to food in children: long-term evolution in real life, Omalizumab, desensitization, children, food allergy, induction of oral tolerance, Desensitization (DSZ) or oral tolerance induction is increasingly used in children who do not outgrow their food allergies. Off-label omalizumab (OMZ) is used as adjuvant therapy for those with severe reactions, but there is little information on outcomes when OMZ is withdrawn. The long-term outcome in a group of children with severe milk or egg allergy who had undergone an OMZ-assisted DSZ procedure is here described. Clinical data from 21 children from the time they started DSZ until database closure were retrospectively collected, to assess the appearance of symptoms and response to clinical decisions under real-life conditions. Patients received OMZ before, during, and after the DSZ procedure itself and OMZ was subsequently discontinued. The scheduled treatment protocol had to be changed in almost all patients due to reactions or individual needs. Three of 21 patients had to prematurely abandon the procedure due to DSZ failure. The other 18 patients were able to tolerate the target dose of food, but nine of them developed symptoms when eating the food 1.5 to 6 months after stopping OMZ. These patients underwent a second course of OMZ-assisted DSZ, which was successful in six, but three had a second relapse 3 to 8 months after stopping OMZ and decided to quit. OMZ-assisted DSZ failed in almost a third of patients with severe allergy even after a second course of OMZ, almost 40% had a successful outcome with one course of OMZ, while almost a third required a second course. Relapses of symptoms occurred up to six months after stopping OMZ. ,Angel Mazon ... Antonio Nieto [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [6] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 599 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-09 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230609021443.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/10096_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Abstract] => Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case [AbstractComplete] =>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case to 67 cases per one million person-years, and its pathophysiology remains unknown. It is believed that genetic factors, the environment, and changes in immune system function contribute to the development of EGPA, overlapping the immune mechanisms of vasculitides and the pathologic mechanisms in eosinophilic syndromes. This disease is commonly divided into two phenotypes depending on the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). ANCA-positive patients usually have more vasculitic manifestations like peripheral neuropathy, purpura, renal involvement, and biopsy-proven vasculitis. The keystone of EGPA therapy is systemic corticosteroids (CS) as monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressive treatments, and recently the efficacy of eosinophil-targeted biotherapy, anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5), has been shown to be efficacious in EGPA. Although this phenotype/phase distinction has not yet had an impact on the current treatment strategies, emerging targeted biotherapies under evaluation could lead to a phenotype-based approach and personalised treatment regimens for EGPA patients. The present review describes the new therapeutical approaches with biological drugs for EGPA.
[Names] => Alejandra Carrón-Herrero ... Giovanni Paoletti [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Published] => June 08, 2023 [Viewed] => 628 [Downloaded] => 38 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:31–48 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, biological therapies, c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, omalizumab, rituximab [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 10096 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/eac6147c9cb1b7f32b133539a53a0c22.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10096/5234f0e9ac7127076111adbb1669654b.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Carrón-Herrero A, Pelaia C, Paoletti G. New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:31–48. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00006 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-05 02:37:44 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-05 02:37:44 [KeysWordContens] => New therapeutic approaches with biological drugs for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, biological therapies, c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, omalizumab, rituximab, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multiorganic syndrome that affects the cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and gastrointestinal systems with an incidence ranging from 0 case to 67 cases per one million person-years, and its pathophysiology remains unknown. It is believed that genetic factors, the environment, and changes in immune system function contribute to the development of EGPA, overlapping the immune mechanisms of vasculitides and the pathologic mechanisms in eosinophilic syndromes. This disease is commonly divided into two phenotypes depending on the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). ANCA-positive patients usually have more vasculitic manifestations like peripheral neuropathy, purpura, renal involvement, and biopsy-proven vasculitis. The keystone of EGPA therapy is systemic corticosteroids (CS) as monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressive treatments, and recently the efficacy of eosinophil-targeted biotherapy, anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5), has been shown to be efficacious in EGPA. Although this phenotype/phase distinction has not yet had an impact on the current treatment strategies, emerging targeted biotherapies under evaluation could lead to a phenotype-based approach and personalised treatment regimens for EGPA patients. The present review describes the new therapeutical approaches with biological drugs for EGPA. ,Alejandra Carrón-Herrero ... Giovanni Paoletti [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [7] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 602 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-16 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230616050037.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10097/10097_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Assessing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps severity by “Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis” algorithm [Abstract] => Aim: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disease with different subtypes that affect patients’ quality of life. This study aim to evaluate the severity of CRSwNP and [AbstractComplete] =>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex disease with different subtypes that affect patients’ quality of life. This study aim to evaluate the severity of CRSwNP and the risk of treatment resistance using the “Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis” (JESREC) algorithm in outpatients at a university hospital.
A retrospective study was conducted reviewing the medical records of CRSwNP outpatients. Clinical data including age, sex, blood eosinophilia, computered tomography (CT) scans, presence of asthma, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use were assessed.
Medical records of 83 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP were analyzed, with 44 (53%) females and 39 (47%) males. The mean age was 61.8 years ± 14.1 years (range: 19–90 years). According to the JESREC algorithm, 9 (10.8%) patients were categorized as non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (neCRS), and 74 (89%) were classified as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS). Among the eCRS patients, 13 (17.6%) were mild, 32 (43.2%) were moderate, and 29 (39.2%) were severe. Asthma was identified as a comorbidity in 57 patients (68.6%).
A predominance of eCRS with moderate to severe risk of treatment resistance was confirmed. Considering the heterogeneity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the JESREC algorithm comes up as an instrument that uses objective criteria to assess higher risks of recurrency and refractoriness among patients before surgical treatment, helping to predict type2-driven biologics need.
A case report of fish allergy is exposed. The responsible allergen was fish collagen, and there was no sensitization to parvalbumin (main fish allergen). The patient acquired collagen sensitization by occupational exposition, not by ingestion.
[Names] => Felipe Santos Vicente ... Borja Bartolomé Zavala [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Published] => June 30, 2023 [Viewed] => 593 [Downloaded] => 26 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:55–59 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Fish, food allergy, collagen, gelatin, occupational, shark cartilage [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 10098 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10098/12868e0c2f322efa8177cb343f5d8687.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10098/a9e6e7cf992be4b45feaa7e4019fa80e.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Santos Vicente F, Latasa Eceizabarrena M, Santos Latasa B, Bartolomé Zavala B. Food fish allergy as a result of occupational exposure to fish collagen. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:55–9. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00008 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => FelipeSantos Vicente, [CEmail] => fsantos@saludcastillayleon.es, [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-29 08:25:05 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-29 08:25:05 [KeysWordContens] => Food fish allergy as a result of occupational exposure to fish collagen, Fish, food allergy, collagen, gelatin, occupational, shark cartilage, A case report of fish allergy is exposed. The responsible allergen was fish collagen, and there was no sensitization to parvalbumin (main fish allergen). The patient acquired collagen sensitization by occupational exposition, not by ingestion. ,Felipe Santos Vicente ... Borja Bartolomé Zavala [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 38 [Zh] => 1 ) [9] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 648 [Create_Time] => 2023-06-30 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202306/20230630105616.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/10099_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies [Abstract] => The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointes [AbstractComplete] =>The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract unrelated to drugs or infections, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most frequent form. EGIDs are complex disorders, which pathogenesis is still partially unknown. The diagnosis of EGIDs relies on the combination of different data, such as clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, endoscopic, and histological data. The gold standard at present is the histological examination obtained from biopsies under endoscopic guidance, but the diagnostic criteria for each disorder are still not fully defined, and few clinical scores are validated, for all these reasons, conducting clinical trials on EGIDs is challenging. The dietary approach remains currently a first-line treatment, despite its efficacy being influenced by patients’ compliance. Exclusion diets, nevertheless, involve potential nutritional deficiencies. Two of the pivotal pharmacological therapies for the treatment of EGIDs are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), especially for EoE, and systemic or topical steroids. Long-term corticosteroid therapies are, however, associated with even severe side effects, so steroid-sparing therapies are needed to achieve the same results, in the last years monoclonal antibodies have been studied. To date, dupilumab is the only approved biological drug for EoE therapy, but many others are currently being tested in clinical trials also for the other forms of EGIDs. This work presents a complete review of the role of biological drugs in EGIDs to date, systematically structured by pathology.
[Names] => Francesca Losa, Arianna Cingolani [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Published] => June 30, 2023 [Viewed] => 622 [Downloaded] => 32 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 2 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:60–72 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases, biological drugs, emerging therapies [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 10099 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/2ff9109d73b4e5052a0ae26b347b49fb.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A10099/a299846dc1a89cfce543fe87be1c3bf2.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Losa F, Cingolani A. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:60–72. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00009 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-06-30 09:14:16 [Bib_Time] => 2023-06-30 09:14:16 [KeysWordContens] => Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: new perspectives and the emerging role of biological therapies, Eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases, biological drugs, emerging therapies, The advent of biological drugs has opened up new therapeutic possibilities in the field of eosinophilic gastro-intestinal diseases (EGIDs). EGIDs are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract unrelated to drugs or infections, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most frequent form. EGIDs are complex disorders, which pathogenesis is still partially unknown. The diagnosis of EGIDs relies on the combination of different data, such as clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, endoscopic, and histological data. The gold standard at present is the histological examination obtained from biopsies under endoscopic guidance, but the diagnostic criteria for each disorder are still not fully defined, and few clinical scores are validated, for all these reasons, conducting clinical trials on EGIDs is challenging. The dietary approach remains currently a first-line treatment, despite its efficacy being influenced by patients’ compliance. Exclusion diets, nevertheless, involve potential nutritional deficiencies. Two of the pivotal pharmacological therapies for the treatment of EGIDs are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), especially for EoE, and systemic or topical steroids. Long-term corticosteroid therapies are, however, associated with even severe side effects, so steroid-sparing therapies are needed to achieve the same results, in the last years monoclonal antibodies have been studied. To date, dupilumab is the only approved biological drug for EoE therapy, but many others are currently being tested in clinical trials also for the other forms of EGIDs. This work presents a complete review of the role of biological drugs in EGIDs to date, systematically structured by pathology. ,Francesca Losa, Arianna Cingolani [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 69 [Zh] => 1 ) [10] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 720 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831024252.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/100912_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts [Abstract] => In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of r [AbstractComplete] =>In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of reactivity (IR). In this context, house dust mite (HDM) Staloral 300 IR/mL, from Stallergenes Greer, and HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL, from ALK-Abelló, were characterized in vitro. Qualitatively, namely in terms of protein and allergen profiles, the two products were similar. Quantitatively, and despite the same 300 IR/mL labeling, the two products were shown to have different biological potencies, with HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL displaying a 2.4 times higher total allergenic activity (TAA) than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. This higher biological potency of HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was paralleled by higher allergen and protein contents, namely 1.5 times more Der p 1 and Der f 1, 3.0 times more group 2 allergens, 2.7 times more Der p 23, and 1.8 times more protein. In contrast, HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was shown to contain far fewer culture medium-derived proteins than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL.
[Names] => Thierry Batard ... Laurent Mascarell [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Published] => August 27, 2023 [Viewed] => 741 [Downloaded] => 41 [Subject] => Letter to the Editor [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:107–114 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Allergen extract, allergen immunotherapy, standardization, unit definition [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 100912 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/810ddbf5f42654a1da22d4feee3d8d66.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100912/ba977b291628dec9c53656635cefd0f0.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Batard T, Dreux S, Rouet M, Jain K, Péguillat C, Delecroix M, et al. Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:107–14. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00012 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:56 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:56 [KeysWordContens] => Impact of the standardization unit’s definition on the in vitro biological potency of allergen extracts, Allergen extract, allergen immunotherapy, standardization, unit definition, In Europe, allergen products from different manufacturers can be labeled using the same unit with yet different definitions of that unit, which may cause confusion, as is the case for the index of reactivity (IR). In this context, house dust mite (HDM) Staloral 300 IR/mL, from Stallergenes Greer, and HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL, from ALK-Abelló, were characterized in vitro. Qualitatively, namely in terms of protein and allergen profiles, the two products were similar. Quantitatively, and despite the same 300 IR/mL labeling, the two products were shown to have different biological potencies, with HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL displaying a 2.4 times higher total allergenic activity (TAA) than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. This higher biological potency of HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was paralleled by higher allergen and protein contents, namely 1.5 times more Der p 1 and Der f 1, 3.0 times more group 2 allergens, 2.7 times more Der p 23, and 1.8 times more protein. In contrast, HDM Staloral 300 IR/mL was shown to contain far fewer culture medium-derived proteins than HDM Osiris 300 IR/mL. ,Thierry Batard ... Laurent Mascarell [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [11] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 677 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-15 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831033317.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/100910_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison? [Abstract] => Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a particularly significant role in asthma development and clinical manifestations. Obesity is a considerable risk factor for asthma development and morbidity in children and adults. A growing body of evidence suggests that SAD is linked to more severe asthma and poor asthma control in obese patients. However, the knowledge about the relationship between peripheral airway compromise and obesity in asthma is limited, mainly because of the historical lack of access to non-invasive assessment methods for studying SAD. Conventional lung function measurements, like spirometry, cannot accurately assess small airway function. However, in recent years, new specialized tests available in outpatient settings have been found to distinguish SAD from large airway obstruction more accurately compared to spirometry. Therefore, understanding the degree of peripheral airway implication in the underlying pathology is critical for effective asthma control and therapeutic decisions. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of SAD on asthma patients who are obese. Additionally, it explores how new diagnostic methods, such as impulse oscillometry (IOS), may be used in outpatient settings to detect small airway impairment in obese asthma at an early stage, potentially leading to improved asthma treatment.
[Names] => Jack Pepys ... Marcello Cottini [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Published] => August 15, 2023 [Viewed] => 743 [Downloaded] => 31 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 114 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:73–88 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, obesity, impulse oscillometry, multiple breath washout, small airway dysfunction, small airways [DetailTitle] => Small Airways Disease Across the Ages [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/114 [Id] => 100910 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/195e2f5e43e951260723aab3931ac5bf.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100910/be0238e800abbc6bf002b9f7a4dbb828.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Pepys J, Lombardi C, Comberiati P, Landi M, Berti A, Heffler E, et al. Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison? Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:73–88. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00010 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:14:31 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:14:31 [KeysWordContens] => Small airway dysfunction and obesity in asthmatic patients: a dangerous liaison?, Asthma, obesity, impulse oscillometry, multiple breath washout, small airway dysfunction, small airways, Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation throughout the entire bronchial airways. Recent findings suggest that ventilation inhomogeneity and small airway dysfunction (SAD) play a particularly significant role in asthma development and clinical manifestations. Obesity is a considerable risk factor for asthma development and morbidity in children and adults. A growing body of evidence suggests that SAD is linked to more severe asthma and poor asthma control in obese patients. However, the knowledge about the relationship between peripheral airway compromise and obesity in asthma is limited, mainly because of the historical lack of access to non-invasive assessment methods for studying SAD. Conventional lung function measurements, like spirometry, cannot accurately assess small airway function. However, in recent years, new specialized tests available in outpatient settings have been found to distinguish SAD from large airway obstruction more accurately compared to spirometry. Therefore, understanding the degree of peripheral airway implication in the underlying pathology is critical for effective asthma control and therapeutic decisions. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of SAD on asthma patients who are obese. Additionally, it explores how new diagnostic methods, such as impulse oscillometry (IOS), may be used in outpatient settings to detect small airway impairment in obese asthma at an early stage, potentially leading to improved asthma treatment. ,Jack Pepys ... Marcello Cottini [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [12] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 688 [Create_Time] => 2023-08-24 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202308/20230831030723.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/100911_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease? [Abstract] => Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hype [AbstractComplete] =>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, presenting recurrent asthma exacerbation and poor clinical outcomes. Patients with NERD have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes/endotypes, and the management of NERD remains challenging. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms in the upper and lower airways of NERD. To date, increased levels of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) [a terminal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway] have been the most relevant biomarker for NERD. It is demonstrated that mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells can amplify upper and lower airway inflammation in NERD, and several potential biomarkers based on these complicated and heterogeneous mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes potential biomarkers for application in the management of NERD.
[Names] => Hyo-In Rhyou ... Hae-Sim Park [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Published] => August 24, 2023 [Viewed] => 350 [Downloaded] => 23 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 3 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:89–106 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, aspirin-induced, biomarkers, cysteinyl leukotriene, eosinophils, epithelial cells, mast cells, platelet activation [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 100911 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/3ac27cc6607f47f90cf4709cd9e8076d.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100911/23da8fc5b3d533f71851358a0286229a.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Rhyou HI, Nam YH, Park HS. Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exacerbated respiratory disease? Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:89–106. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00011 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:12 [Bib_Time] => 2023-08-30 08:15:12 [KeysWordContens] => Can we apply biomarkers in the management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease?, Asthma, aspirin-induced, biomarkers, cysteinyl leukotriene, eosinophils, epithelial cells, mast cells, platelet activation, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by adult-onset asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, presenting recurrent asthma exacerbation and poor clinical outcomes. Patients with NERD have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes/endotypes, and the management of NERD remains challenging. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation are the major pathogenic mechanisms in the upper and lower airways of NERD. To date, increased levels of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) [a terminal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway] have been the most relevant biomarker for NERD. It is demonstrated that mast cells, platelets, and epithelial cells can amplify upper and lower airway inflammation in NERD, and several potential biomarkers based on these complicated and heterogeneous mechanisms have been suggested. This review summarizes potential biomarkers for application in the management of NERD. ,Hyo-In Rhyou ... Hae-Sim Park [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [13] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 832 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-10 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202311/20231115045830.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/100913_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries [Abstract] => The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between res [AbstractComplete] =>The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between research and current medical practice by presenting the best available evidence to aid clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient outcomes, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. Guidelines are particularly useful in situations where scientific evidence is limited, multiple treatment options exist, or there is uncertainty about the best course of action. However, due to variations in healthcare system structures, many countries have developed their own local guidelines for the management of asthma. Adoption of GINA recommendations into local guidelines has been uneven across different countries, with some embracing the changes while others continue to follow older approaches. This review article will explore the impact of the noteworthy changes in GINA guidelines, particularly in the 2019 version, on local guidelines and some of the challenges associated with implementing them.
[Names] => Riyad Allehebi, Hamdan AL-Jahdali [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Published] => October 10, 2023 [Viewed] => 556 [Downloaded] => 23 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 125 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:115–125 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), national asthma guidelines, international asthma guidelines, adherence to guidelines, implementation of guidelines [DetailTitle] => The Global Picture of Asthma after Guideline Changes and the COVID Pandemics [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/125 [Id] => 100913 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/1cab9197ff44680c9157510d537ac56b.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100913/f6abeeb81d829db8056613ecceffeac3.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Allehebi R, AL-Jahdali H. Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:115–25. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00013 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => RiyadAllehebi, [CEmail] => riyad.lehebi@gmail.com, [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-07 07:21:15 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-07 07:21:15 [KeysWordContens] => Impact of the GINA asthma guidelines 2019 revolution on local asthma guidelines and challenges: special attention to the GCC countries, Asthma, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), national asthma guidelines, international asthma guidelines, adherence to guidelines, implementation of guidelines, The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides the most comprehensive and frequently updated guidelines for the management of asthma. The primary aim of guidelines is to bridge the gap between research and current medical practice by presenting the best available evidence to aid clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient outcomes, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. Guidelines are particularly useful in situations where scientific evidence is limited, multiple treatment options exist, or there is uncertainty about the best course of action. However, due to variations in healthcare system structures, many countries have developed their own local guidelines for the management of asthma. Adoption of GINA recommendations into local guidelines has been uneven across different countries, with some embracing the changes while others continue to follow older approaches. This review article will explore the impact of the noteworthy changes in GINA guidelines, particularly in the 2019 version, on local guidelines and some of the challenges associated with implementing them. ,Riyad Allehebi, Hamdan AL-Jahdali [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [14] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 855 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-20 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231030080000.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/100914_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies [Abstract] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. [AbstractComplete] =>Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. Because some efficacy and safety concerns still remain, biologic drugs, including omalizumab and dupilumab, have been studied as an adjunctive therapy to AIT for these conditions. In this article, the evidence supporting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an add-on therapy to AIT for FA, AR, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy has been reviewed. The review will delve into the mechanisms of action of different mAbs, their efficacy, and how they can be integrated into personalized medicine approaches to treat allergic diseases. Furthermore, future research areas will be considered. Evidence suggests that omalizumab in combination with AIT may be a beneficial option for respiratory allergies or food desensitisation, especially during the escalation or build-up phase, when adverse events are more frequent. Currently, there is a small number of well-structured clinical trials in Hymenoptera venom allergy, and the available data consist mainly of single-case reports that provide information of limited value. Dupilumab has been studied as adjunctive therapy in patients with respiratory and FAs. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab as monotherapy or as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut allergy. Other studies are investigating the use of dupilumab in patients with multiple FAs and as an adjunct to milk OIT. Overall, mAbs have the potential to improve outcomes in various allergic conditions when used as an add-on to AIT, especially during the build-up phase. Further research is needed to fully understand their optimal dosing and duration of treatment, as well as to identify which patients may benefit the most from these therapies.
[Names] => Palma Carlucci ... Danilo Di Bona [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Published] => October 20, 2023 [Viewed] => 661 [Downloaded] => 52 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:126–141 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy, biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies, omalizumab, dupilumab, food allergy, respiratory allergy, Hymenoptera venom allergy [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 100914 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/135d7e2106dfa58e215ae223ec8f4c14.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100914/a69989e9c9f6163a357df92abaf67bf1.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Carlucci P, Spataro F, Daddato MF, Paoletti G, Di Bona D. Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:126–41. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00014 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-30 07:38:20 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-30 07:39:39 [KeysWordContens] => Biologic drugs and allergen immunotherapy: potential allies, Allergen-specific immunotherapy, biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies, omalizumab, dupilumab, food allergy, respiratory allergy, Hymenoptera venom allergy, Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven efficacy treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, but its use in food allergy (FA) is still under investigation. Because some efficacy and safety concerns still remain, biologic drugs, including omalizumab and dupilumab, have been studied as an adjunctive therapy to AIT for these conditions. In this article, the evidence supporting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an add-on therapy to AIT for FA, AR, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergy has been reviewed. The review will delve into the mechanisms of action of different mAbs, their efficacy, and how they can be integrated into personalized medicine approaches to treat allergic diseases. Furthermore, future research areas will be considered. Evidence suggests that omalizumab in combination with AIT may be a beneficial option for respiratory allergies or food desensitisation, especially during the escalation or build-up phase, when adverse events are more frequent. Currently, there is a small number of well-structured clinical trials in Hymenoptera venom allergy, and the available data consist mainly of single-case reports that provide information of limited value. Dupilumab has been studied as adjunctive therapy in patients with respiratory and FAs. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab as monotherapy or as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut allergy. Other studies are investigating the use of dupilumab in patients with multiple FAs and as an adjunct to milk OIT. Overall, mAbs have the potential to improve outcomes in various allergic conditions when used as an add-on to AIT, especially during the build-up phase. Further research is needed to fully understand their optimal dosing and duration of treatment, as well as to identify which patients may benefit the most from these therapies. ,Palma Carlucci ... Danilo Di Bona [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [15] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 913 [Create_Time] => 2023-10-31 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231031085508.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100915/100915_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Safety of 2-day rush induction protocol in sublingual immunotherapy with Pru p 3 [Abstract] => Aim: Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) clinically manifests from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to anaphylaxis. The risk of systemic symptoms and cross-reactivity make it an important target [AbstractComplete] =>Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) clinically manifests from oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to anaphylaxis. The risk of systemic symptoms and cross-reactivity make it an important target for allergen immunotherapy. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Pru p 3 is effective and safe, but the induction phase (IP) of standard protocol (SP) is time consuming. Rush protocols (RPs) are described without serious adverse effects. The aim was to compare the safety of RP with SP and assess the existence of predictive factors for adverse reactions (ARs).
Retrospective study of patients with LTP syndrome followed at the Food Allergy Unit undergoing SLIT with Pru p 3 between 2012 and 2021. SP has an IP of 4 days and an RP of 2 days. The safety of the IP was assessed by recording the AR.
Fifty-one patients: 41 (73.2% women) in SP group (SPG) and 10 (80% women) in RP group (RPG). Anaphylaxis as a presentation of LTP syndrome was overlapping in both groups (SPG 34.1%, RPG 33.3%). There were 5 (12.2%) ARs in SPG: 3 (60%) OAS, 1 (20%) oropharyngeal tightness, and 1 (20%) uvula edema; and 5 (50%) ARs in RPG: 4 (80%) OAS and 1 (20%) palmar pruritus and cough. All patients completed IP. Mean Pru p 3 specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) value (kUA/L) of patients with ARs in IP: 6.7 kUA/L in SPG and 5.7 kUA/L in RPG. No group showed significant differences (P > 0.05) between Pru p 3 sIgE value, presence of atopy or greater severity in LTP syndrome presentation, and greater probability of AR/more severe ARs in IP.
ARs in IP were similar in both groups. No association was found between Pru p 3 value, atopy and higher probability of ARs in IP. RP appears to be a safe and less expensive option.
It is well known that adolescent patients often have less than optimal outcomes. Adolescence is a time of much transition, physically, emotionally, and socially all of which have effects on asthma management and outcomes. Pubertal changes affect asthma, but mostly it is the move towards independence from the parents, peer pressures, stigma of illness, and adherence issues that cause the issue. It is thus important to learn to treat the patient directly, wherein currently often children are treated through the parent, to ensure success.
[Names] => Alan Kaplan [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00016 [Published] => October 31, 2023 [Viewed] => 398 [Downloaded] => 16 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/eaa.2023.00016 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 99 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:153–162 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, adherence, adolescents, stigma, peer [DetailTitle] => Precision Medicine in Allergy and Rhinology [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/99 [Id] => 100916 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100916/ff791d9433b0a12acd5b7b729f53927d.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100916/6669aef6481596900e154d40a890215d.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Kaplan A. Precision medicine: how to approach the adolescent asthmatic. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:153–62. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00016 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-31 08:36:22 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-31 08:36:22 [KeysWordContens] => Precision medicine: how to approach the adolescent asthmatic, Asthma, adherence, adolescents, stigma, peer, It is well known that adolescent patients often have less than optimal outcomes. Adolescence is a time of much transition, physically, emotionally, and socially all of which have effects on asthma management and outcomes. Pubertal changes affect asthma, but mostly it is the move towards independence from the parents, peer pressures, stigma of illness, and adherence issues that cause the issue. It is thus important to learn to treat the patient directly, wherein currently often children are treated through the parent, to ensure success. ,Alan Kaplan [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [17] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 915 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-01 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202310/20231031025622.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/100917_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings [Abstract] => Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway i [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway involvement (internal diameter < 2 mm) has been shown to represent one of the main determinants of asthma and asthma control. In fact, compared to large airway involvement, small airway dysfunction (SAD) has been demonstrated across all the asthma severity in the majority of patients, as assessed with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps. Clinically, SAD is associated with, among other features, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, asthma-related night awakenings, obesity/overweight, more severe airway hyperresponsiveness, worse asthma control, and more severe exacerbations. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a forced oscillation technique (FOT) requiring less effort than spirometry from the patients, demonstrated to accurately measure SAD in children and adults. The fall in resistance from 5 Hz to 20 Hz (R5–R20), which is the most used index for the resistance of peripheral airways, is how SAD is usually identified by IOS. Other crucial parameters measured by IOS are the reactance at 5 Hz (X5), reflecting elastic recoil of the peripheral airways, the resonant frequency (Fres), which is the frequency at which the inertial properties of the airway and the capacitance of the lung periphery are equal, and the reactance area (AX), reflecting the elastic properties of the lung periphery. In this mini review, the latest findings on the utility of IOS to identify SAD and the associations between SAD and clinical features in adult asthmatic patients were addressed.
[Names] => Marcello Cottini ... Alvise Berti [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Published] => October 31, 2023 [Viewed] => 567 [Downloaded] => 31 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 4 [Topic] => 114 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:163–173 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, adults, small airways dysfunction, impulse oscillometry [DetailTitle] => Small Airways Disease Across the Ages [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/114 [Id] => 100917 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/5fbcd73c4f3e9c163fc025e2e7b5dfd2.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100917/a7b50fff7189d19e0ecc8d9c80edd04e.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Cottini M, Lombardi C, Comberiati P, Landi M, Berti A. Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:163–73. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00017 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-10-30 08:53:15 [Bib_Time] => 2023-10-30 08:53:15 [KeysWordContens] => Small airway dysfunction and impulse oscillometry in adult patients with asthma: recent findings, Asthma, adults, small airways dysfunction, impulse oscillometry, Asthma is a respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Airflow obstruction and inflammation due to asthma usually involve large airways, but recently small airway involvement (internal diameter < 2 mm) has been shown to represent one of the main determinants of asthma and asthma control. In fact, compared to large airway involvement, small airway dysfunction (SAD) has been demonstrated across all the asthma severity in the majority of patients, as assessed with Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps. Clinically, SAD is associated with, among other features, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, asthma-related night awakenings, obesity/overweight, more severe airway hyperresponsiveness, worse asthma control, and more severe exacerbations. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a forced oscillation technique (FOT) requiring less effort than spirometry from the patients, demonstrated to accurately measure SAD in children and adults. The fall in resistance from 5 Hz to 20 Hz (R5–R20), which is the most used index for the resistance of peripheral airways, is how SAD is usually identified by IOS. Other crucial parameters measured by IOS are the reactance at 5 Hz (X5), reflecting elastic recoil of the peripheral airways, the resonant frequency (Fres), which is the frequency at which the inertial properties of the airway and the capacitance of the lung periphery are equal, and the reactance area (AX), reflecting the elastic properties of the lung periphery. In this mini review, the latest findings on the utility of IOS to identify SAD and the associations between SAD and clinical features in adult asthmatic patients were addressed. ,Marcello Cottini ... Alvise Berti [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [18] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 936 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-20 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202311/20231120025112.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/100918_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma [Abstract] => Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a [AbstractComplete] =>Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a relatively small proportion of asthma patients, severe refractory asthma places a substantial burden on healthcare resources and contributes significantly to illness and death. Additionally, the quality of life of patients is greatly affected by the adverse effects of excessive steroid consumption, there is a need to identify individuals who do not react well to steroid medication and the ongoing difficulties of these asthma patients in controlling their diseases, which have a large socio-economic impact. The current short article reviews the common molecular mechanisms responsible for steroid resistance in asthma patients.
[Names] => Mandya V. Greeshma ... Padukudru Anand Mahesh [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Published] => November 20, 2023 [Viewed] => 642 [Downloaded] => 21 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 5 [Topic] => 237 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:174–185 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Steroid-resistant asthma, glucocorticoid receptor, gluco-corticosteroids [DetailTitle] => Epidemiology of Asthma - Global Perspectives, Host and Environmental Risk Factors and Strategies for Mitigation [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/237 [Id] => 100918 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/66188f8f02f5a89228c6c43a42cd71d3.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100918/baf24faf431e437bc0184190665b0a29.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Greeshma MV, Kaleem Ullah M, Mabalirajan U, Madhunapantula SV, Mahesh PA. Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:174–85. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00018 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-11-14 07:14:09 [Bib_Time] => 2023-11-14 07:14:09 [KeysWordContens] => Molecular mechanisms of steroid-resistant asthma, Steroid-resistant asthma, glucocorticoid receptor, gluco-corticosteroids, Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) is clinically significant, approximately 10–15% of individuals with asthma do not exhibit a positive response to standard treatments. While this subset represents a relatively small proportion of asthma patients, severe refractory asthma places a substantial burden on healthcare resources and contributes significantly to illness and death. Additionally, the quality of life of patients is greatly affected by the adverse effects of excessive steroid consumption, there is a need to identify individuals who do not react well to steroid medication and the ongoing difficulties of these asthma patients in controlling their diseases, which have a large socio-economic impact. The current short article reviews the common molecular mechanisms responsible for steroid resistance in asthma patients. ,Mandya V. Greeshma ... Padukudru Anand Mahesh [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 72 [Zh] => 1 ) [19] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 949 [Create_Time] => 2023-11-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202312/20231215024050.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100919/100919_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Specific immunoglobulin E profiles in sensitized Swedish and Spanish children with severe asthma [Abstract] => Aim: Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and generates a considerable economic impact. This study aims to compare the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) profile in sensitized children with [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and generates a considerable economic impact. This study aims to compare the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) profile in sensitized children with severe asthma from two countries with great geographic and climatic differences.
A cross-sectional study was performed using serum samples analysed with a multiplex tool in 47 children from Sweden and 29 children from Spain.
Patients from Spain were significantly more often sensitized to house dust mites, cockroaches, dogs, Alternaria, Cladosporium, pollen from olive trees, cypress, Platanus, and Parietaria, and to Anisakis and shrimp. Swedish patients were significantly more often sensitized to cats, pollen from birch, hazel, and Alnus, and to apple, soy, and peanut (all P < 0.05). With regard to sensitization to allergen molecules, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD)-bearing proteins and tropomyosins were more frequent in Spain, while sensitization to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins (PR-10) molecules and to peanut storage proteins were more common in Sweden.
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) profile in sensitized children with severe asthma differed greatly between Sweden and Spain. The profile results were more similar to that reported in the literature for other sensitized children from the same geographic areas with non-severe disease than to that of severe asthmatics from different areas.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also referred to eczema, is a common inflammatory skin disease that usually presents during infancy or childhood but affects patients of all ages. It is a pruritic, chronic/relapsing condition that may significantly impact the patients’ quality of life and can be associated with other atopic comorbidities including asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Inflammation in AD is mostly sustained by type 2 inflammation. Most patients are satisfactorily managed with a combination of emollients, avoidance of triggering factors, topical glucocorticoids, and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors. However, a proportion of patients with moderate or severe AD might require phototherapy or systemic immunosuppressants, which are limited in time due to possible safety concerns and progressive efficacy loss. In recent years, the availability of T helper 2 (Th2)-blocking agents dupilumab and tralokinumab has revolutionized the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. Here are discussed recent advances in the clinical development of biologic treatments for AD. The clinical implementation of these novel drugs has the potential not only to greatly improve the quality of life of patients with this chronic and disabling condition but also to clarify the biological processes underlying AD, in turn enabling further development of more effective, safer treatments. This research paper aims to provide an overview of biological therapies currently in use and under investigation in the setting of AD.
[Names] => Carlo Alberto Vignoli, Riccardo G. Borroni [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00020 [Published] => December 08, 2023 [Viewed] => 342 [Downloaded] => 17 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00020 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 5 [Topic] => 101 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:198–206 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Atopic dermatitis, eczema, biologic drugs [DetailTitle] => The Era of Biologics in Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/101 [Id] => 100920 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100920/0def105fd48ee0140e4c7f7f684623f5.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100920/fae9fc34b18558f4a854eb97fa75bc01.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Vignoli CA, Borroni RG. Biologic drugs, a new therapeutic paradigm in moderate-severe atopic dermatitis. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:198–206. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00020 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-12-08 09:08:59 [Bib_Time] => 2023-12-08 09:08:59 [KeysWordContens] => Biologic drugs, a new therapeutic paradigm in moderate-severe atopic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, eczema, biologic drugs, Atopic dermatitis (AD), also referred to eczema, is a common inflammatory skin disease that usually presents during infancy or childhood but affects patients of all ages. It is a pruritic, chronic/relapsing condition that may significantly impact the patients’ quality of life and can be associated with other atopic comorbidities including asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Inflammation in AD is mostly sustained by type 2 inflammation. Most patients are satisfactorily managed with a combination of emollients, avoidance of triggering factors, topical glucocorticoids, and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors. However, a proportion of patients with moderate or severe AD might require phototherapy or systemic immunosuppressants, which are limited in time due to possible safety concerns and progressive efficacy loss. In recent years, the availability of T helper 2 (Th2)-blocking agents dupilumab and tralokinumab has revolutionized the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. Here are discussed recent advances in the clinical development of biologic treatments for AD. The clinical implementation of these novel drugs has the potential not only to greatly improve the quality of life of patients with this chronic and disabling condition but also to clarify the biological processes underlying AD, in turn enabling further development of more effective, safer treatments. This research paper aims to provide an overview of biological therapies currently in use and under investigation in the setting of AD. ,Carlo Alberto Vignoli, Riccardo G. Borroni [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [21] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 995 [Create_Time] => 2023-12-14 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202312/20231214050645.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100921/100921.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100921/100921.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100921/100921_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Comprehensive measurement of obstruction in nasal allergen challenges—a critical update [Abstract] => Numerous methods for functional diagnostics of nasal obstruction provide various information on nasal airway resistance and may aim to replace physically based methods by so-called simplifications o [AbstractComplete] =>Numerous methods for functional diagnostics of nasal obstruction provide various information on nasal airway resistance and may aim to replace physically based methods by so-called simplifications or solely on subjective score systems. This may lead to nonsatisfying results in nasal surgery and prolonged postoperative care. An interdisciplinary analysis of contemporary methods for measurement was the task of the German-Austrian research program “Rhinodiagnost”. This review is intended to discuss basic and wide-spread errors playing a significant role during daily practice and proposes a step program for functional rhinological diagnostics with some modifications to be applied in case of allergic nasal disease. With regard to the content of “position paper on the standardization of nasal allergen challenges (2018)” of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the results of the consensus conference of Riga in 2016, the differences between of “classic” and 4-phase-rhinomanometry (4PR) and their differences are clarified. The parameters of logarithmic effective resistance (LReff) allow a classification of the obstruction obtained during 36,500 measurements which are correlated to the subjective sensing of obstruction. The classification can be adapted for age and size and is valid for the Caucasian and Chinese populations.
[Names] => Klaus Vogt, Sebastian Roesch [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00021 [Published] => December 14, 2023 [Viewed] => 366 [Downloaded] => 14 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00021 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 5 [Topic] => 99 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:207–218 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Nasal functional tests, nasal obstruction, allergy, rhinomanometry, nasal challenge [DetailTitle] => Precision Medicine in Allergy and Rhinology [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/99 [Id] => 100921 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100921/19e51bd5ef8fefa895edb5f3ccfca103.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100921/06cc5eeebb0e93f4ca0a6da2b48b028f.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Vogt K, Roesch S. Comprehensive measurement of obstruction in nasal allergen challenges—a critical update. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:207–18. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00021 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-12-14 05:06:45 [Bib_Time] => 2023-12-14 05:06:45 [KeysWordContens] => Comprehensive measurement of obstruction in nasal allergen challenges—a critical update, Nasal functional tests, nasal obstruction, allergy, rhinomanometry, nasal challenge, Numerous methods for functional diagnostics of nasal obstruction provide various information on nasal airway resistance and may aim to replace physically based methods by so-called simplifications or solely on subjective score systems. This may lead to nonsatisfying results in nasal surgery and prolonged postoperative care. An interdisciplinary analysis of contemporary methods for measurement was the task of the German-Austrian research program “Rhinodiagnost”. This review is intended to discuss basic and wide-spread errors playing a significant role during daily practice and proposes a step program for functional rhinological diagnostics with some modifications to be applied in case of allergic nasal disease. With regard to the content of “position paper on the standardization of nasal allergen challenges (2018)” of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the results of the consensus conference of Riga in 2016, the differences between of “classic” and 4-phase-rhinomanometry (4PR) and their differences are clarified. The parameters of logarithmic effective resistance (LReff) allow a classification of the obstruction obtained during 36,500 measurements which are correlated to the subjective sensing of obstruction. The classification can be adapted for age and size and is valid for the Caucasian and Chinese populations. ,Klaus Vogt, Sebastian Roesch [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [22] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1006 [Create_Time] => 2023-12-19 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202312/20231219072928.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100922/100922.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100922/100922.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100922/100922_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Impulse oscillometry for the evaluation and management of pediatric asthma [Abstract] => Asthma is the most common chronic disease during childhood. While most of characteristic structural changes in asthma have been identified in the large airways, there is a growing recognition of per [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma is the most common chronic disease during childhood. While most of characteristic structural changes in asthma have been identified in the large airways, there is a growing recognition of peripheral airway dysfunction as a crucial factor in the development of asthma. This dysfunction is a defining feature in adults with persistent asthma. However, little is known about the contribution of small airway impairment in children with asthma due to the relatively low sensitivity of conventional lung function tests, such as spirometry. Recently, new diagnostic tools that are sensitive to both large and small airway function and inflammation have been introduced in clinical practice. The most widely studied of these tools in preschool and school-aged children is impulse oscillometry (IOS). This review addresses the latest findings on the usefulness of IOS in identifying small airway dysfunction, predicting the risk of uncontrolled asthma, and ultimately improving the diagnosis and management of asthma in children.
[Names] => Pasquale Comberiati ... Diego Peroni [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2023.00022 [Published] => December 19, 2023 [Viewed] => 329 [Downloaded] => 17 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2023 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2023.00022 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 5 [Topic] => 114 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2023;1:219–229 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Asthma, children, small airways, dysfunction, impulse oscillometry [DetailTitle] => Small Airways Disease Across the Ages [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/114 [Id] => 100922 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100922/8f7ea6ba87eaa7807e6b4e88e29ee93b.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100922/e656585f9e27010e6766a66e34f71b9f.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Comberiati P, Cottini M, Landi M, Berti A, Lombardi C, Peroni D. Impulse oscillometry for the evaluation and management of pediatric asthma.Explor Asthma Allergy. 2023;1:219–29. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2023.00022 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2023-12-19 07:29:28 [Bib_Time] => 2023-12-19 07:29:28 [KeysWordContens] => Impulse oscillometry for the evaluation and management of pediatric asthma, Asthma, children, small airways, dysfunction, impulse oscillometry, Asthma is the most common chronic disease during childhood. While most of characteristic structural changes in asthma have been identified in the large airways, there is a growing recognition of peripheral airway dysfunction as a crucial factor in the development of asthma. This dysfunction is a defining feature in adults with persistent asthma. However, little is known about the contribution of small airway impairment in children with asthma due to the relatively low sensitivity of conventional lung function tests, such as spirometry. Recently, new diagnostic tools that are sensitive to both large and small airway function and inflammation have been introduced in clinical practice. The most widely studied of these tools in preschool and school-aged children is impulse oscillometry (IOS). This review addresses the latest findings on the usefulness of IOS in identifying small airway dysfunction, predicting the risk of uncontrolled asthma, and ultimately improving the diagnosis and management of asthma in children. ,Pasquale Comberiati ... Diego Peroni [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 83 [Zh] => 1 ) [23] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1053 [Create_Time] => 2023-12-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202401/20240117055054.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100923/100923.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100923/100923.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100923/100923_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Omega-5-gliadin-specific immunoglobulin E-positive, but wheat-specific immunoglobulin E-negative wheat allergy dependent on augmentation factors—a frequent presentation [Abstract] => Aim: Most patients with wheat allergy dependent on augmentation factors (WALDA) show specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to ω5-gliadin. However, some WALDA patients may show negative results when t [AbstractComplete] =>Most patients with wheat allergy dependent on augmentation factors (WALDA) show specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to ω5-gliadin. However, some WALDA patients may show negative results when testing for sIgE to total wheat extract. This is the first study to investigate potential clinical and serological differences in patients with ω5-gliadin-positive, challenge-confirmed WALDA dependent on their sensitization to total wheat extract.
Clinical and serological characteristics of patients with challenge-confirmed, ω5-gliadin-positive WALDA were analyzed based on the absence or presence of sIgE to wheat (cut-off 0.35 kUA/L).
Thirty-six patients with challenge-confirmed WALDA were included (19 female; median age 50.5 years; median sIgE to ω5-gliadin 6.5 kUA/L). SIgE levels to grass pollen were related to the presence of any atopic comorbidity (P < 0.001) and showed a correlation with sIgE to wheat (P = 0.003), but not to the gluten-related allergens [all not significant (ns)]. Thirty-nine percent of patients (n = 14) showed sIgE levels to wheat lower than 0.35 kUA/L; in 19.4% (n = 7) levels were even below the detection limit of 0.01 kUA/L. WALDA patients without sIgE to wheat showed lower levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and sIgE to wheat gluten, gliadins, and ω5-gliadin (all P < 0.001) as well as to grass pollen (P = 0.03). No significant differences in clinical characteristics like delay until diagnosis, the presence of an atopic condition, reaction severity, or threshold in the oral challenge test were observed.
SIgE to wheat extract was associated not only with sensitization against gluten allergens but also reflected total IgE production and concomitant grass pollen allergy, making it an insensitive and unspecific biomarker for WALDA. There were no clinical divergences between WALDA patients without or with sIgE to wheat. SIgE to total wheat extract does not appear to be clinically relevant and remains negative in a significant proportion of WALDA patients.
Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases in humans throughout the world. The illness continues to be the most prevalent cause of respiratory morbidity and affects both adults and children. Asthma is mainly caused by microbes, especially the species of Aspergillus. It causes continuous irritation and distracts the mental attention of the patient, leading to physical weakness and depression resulting in immune-compromised conditions. Asthmatic patients need careful attention and continuous treatment. Taking into account its major effects on patients’ quality of life, the challenging nature of the therapy, and side effects of the novel therapeutic strategies that influence the clinical course of asthma are required to be considered before finally deciding the course of treatment. Children with asthma and wheezing are frequently sustained by a type-2 immune response. In addition, people with wheezing and asthma can be identified by the presence of digestive and respiratory tract dysbiosis. Therefore, oral probiotics could be used as an additional asthmatic medication to manage asthma, but the decision should be constantly monitored by specialized persons. During the last two decades, the importance of probiotics in the treatment of various ailments has been realized and several researches are being conducted to find out the impact of healthy gut microbiome on the management of various diseases including asthma.
[Names] => Amar P. Garg ... Bajeerao Patil [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00026 [Published] => February 20, 2024 [Viewed] => 363 [Downloaded] => 22 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00026 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 229 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:9–32 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Respiratory system, type-2 immune system, oral probiotics, asthma, Aspergillus, gut microbiome [DetailTitle] => Asthma and its Relationship with Psychological and Psychopathological Factors [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/229 [Id] => 100926 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100926/602ecc704ec5ba44d24e74aff8adf097.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100926/38bf8e393a3b16b17799434e5b08c3cc.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Garg AP, Ateeq A, Bisht N, Patil B. Management of asthma using probiotics. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:9–32. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00026 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-05 06:39:08 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-05 06:39:08 [KeysWordContens] => Management of asthma using probiotics, Respiratory system, type-2 immune system, oral probiotics, asthma, Aspergillus, gut microbiome, Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases in humans throughout the world. The illness continues to be the most prevalent cause of respiratory morbidity and affects both adults and children. Asthma is mainly caused by microbes, especially the species of Aspergillus. It causes continuous irritation and distracts the mental attention of the patient, leading to physical weakness and depression resulting in immune-compromised conditions. Asthmatic patients need careful attention and continuous treatment. Taking into account its major effects on patients’ quality of life, the challenging nature of the therapy, and side effects of the novel therapeutic strategies that influence the clinical course of asthma are required to be considered before finally deciding the course of treatment. Children with asthma and wheezing are frequently sustained by a type-2 immune response. In addition, people with wheezing and asthma can be identified by the presence of digestive and respiratory tract dysbiosis. Therefore, oral probiotics could be used as an additional asthmatic medication to manage asthma, but the decision should be constantly monitored by specialized persons. During the last two decades, the importance of probiotics in the treatment of various ailments has been realized and several researches are being conducted to find out the impact of healthy gut microbiome on the management of various diseases including asthma. ,Amar P. Garg ... Bajeerao Patil [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [26] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1123 [Create_Time] => 2024-02-22 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240222085254.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100927/100927.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100927/100927.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100927/100927_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Evaluation of ongoing mepolizumab treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [Abstract] => Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Eosinophilic inflammation is described as a comm [AbstractComplete] =>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Eosinophilic inflammation is described as a common endotype. The anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) antibody mepolizumab was approved in November 2021 as an add-on therapy to intranasal glucocorticosteroids for the treatment of adults with severe CRSwNP when systemic glucocorticosteroids or surgery do not provide adequate disease control. While national and international recommendations exist for the use of mepolizumab in CRSwNP, therapy monitoring and follow-up documentation are required, and therapy discontinuation has not been adequately established yet. In this paper, recommendations for monitoring the course and efficacy of therapy as well as for reviewing the duration and possible termination of therapy are provided. For this purpose, a literature search was performed to analyze previous data on the treatment of CRSwNP with mepolizumab and to determine the available evidence by searching MEDLINE, PubMed, and the national and international trial and guideline registries and the Cochrane Library. Human studies published in the period up to and including October 2022 were considered. Based on the international literature and previous experience, recommendations for follow-up, adherence to therapy intervals and possible therapy breaks, as well as termination of therapy when using mepolizumab for the indication CRSwNP in the German health care system are given by an expert panel on the basis of a documentation sheet.
[Names] => Ludger Klimek ... Claus Bachert [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00027 [Published] => February 22, 2024 [Viewed] => 316 [Downloaded] => 17 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00027 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 236 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:33–48 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, biologics, eosinophilic inflammation, mepolizumab [DetailTitle] => Update on Chronic RhinoSinusitis [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/236 [Id] => 100927 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100927/f182f80fedb0711adf95cafd2cbcdb55.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100927/99fe909396c45f9d5d3dfdf615a1d867.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Klimek L, Förster-Ruhrmann U, Olze H, Beule AG, Chaker AM, Hagemann J, et al. Evaluation of ongoing mepolizumab treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:33–48. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00027 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-21 05:32:24 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-21 05:32:24 [KeysWordContens] => Evaluation of ongoing mepolizumab treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, Chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, biologics, eosinophilic inflammation, mepolizumab, Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Eosinophilic inflammation is described as a common endotype. The anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) antibody mepolizumab was approved in November 2021 as an add-on therapy to intranasal glucocorticosteroids for the treatment of adults with severe CRSwNP when systemic glucocorticosteroids or surgery do not provide adequate disease control. While national and international recommendations exist for the use of mepolizumab in CRSwNP, therapy monitoring and follow-up documentation are required, and therapy discontinuation has not been adequately established yet. In this paper, recommendations for monitoring the course and efficacy of therapy as well as for reviewing the duration and possible termination of therapy are provided. For this purpose, a literature search was performed to analyze previous data on the treatment of CRSwNP with mepolizumab and to determine the available evidence by searching MEDLINE, PubMed, and the national and international trial and guideline registries and the Cochrane Library. Human studies published in the period up to and including October 2022 were considered. Based on the international literature and previous experience, recommendations for follow-up, adherence to therapy intervals and possible therapy breaks, as well as termination of therapy when using mepolizumab for the indication CRSwNP in the German health care system are given by an expert panel on the basis of a documentation sheet. ,Ludger Klimek ... Claus Bachert [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 1 ) [27] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1154 [Create_Time] => 2024-02-28 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240229023559.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100928/100928.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100928/100928.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100928/100928_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Predictive value of skin testing with excipients for COVID-19 vaccines [Abstract] => Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Despite the availability of therapies and the adoption of security measures, [AbstractComplete] =>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Despite the availability of therapies and the adoption of security measures, the most effective method to fight COVID-19 remains the induction of immunity through vaccines. Scientific communities have developed several types of COVID-19 vaccines since the beginning of the pandemic, including those with innovative messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. Patients with a history of allergic reactions may have an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, it is important that these patients are evaluated by an allergist to help monitor immediate-type adverse reactions and identify what vaccine component may elicit an allergic reaction. Various strategies have been suggested to prevent hypersensitivity reactions, including performing skin tests or in vitro tests before vaccination in high-risk patients, administering a different vaccine for the second dose in subjects reporting adverse reactions to the first dose, fractional dosing, or pretreating with anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody. The scope of this review is to evaluate, through current evidence available in the literature, the accuracy of skin testing to the excipients of COVID-19 vaccines, especially polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate, in predicting allergic reactions to vaccination, despite the existing discordance of data and approaches to the question from the various clinical experiences, as to permit the safe administration of COVID-19 vaccines to populations around the globe.
[Names] => Fabio Viggiani ... Eustachio Nettis [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00028 [Published] => February 27, 2024 [Viewed] => 332 [Downloaded] => 16 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00028 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 0 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:49–64 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, anaphylaxis, vaccine allergy, excipient allergy, polyethylene glycol allergy, polysorbate allergy, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid allergy, trometamol allergy [DetailTitle] => [DetailUrl] => [Id] => 100928 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100928/5da6198764d4f5bf8e7fd8b7da80e553.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100928/5bb1eb31c6e1dcb853a085428c13ebd0.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Viggiani F, Calogiuri G, Paolino D, Griscti Soler D, Pugliese F, Zaza I, et al. Predictive value of skin testing with excipients for COVID-19 vaccines. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:49–64. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00028 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-29 02:35:59 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-29 02:35:59 [KeysWordContens] => Predictive value of skin testing with excipients for COVID-19 vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, anaphylaxis, vaccine allergy, excipient allergy, polyethylene glycol allergy, polysorbate allergy, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid allergy, trometamol allergy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Despite the availability of therapies and the adoption of security measures, the most effective method to fight COVID-19 remains the induction of immunity through vaccines. Scientific communities have developed several types of COVID-19 vaccines since the beginning of the pandemic, including those with innovative messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. Patients with a history of allergic reactions may have an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, it is important that these patients are evaluated by an allergist to help monitor immediate-type adverse reactions and identify what vaccine component may elicit an allergic reaction. Various strategies have been suggested to prevent hypersensitivity reactions, including performing skin tests or in vitro tests before vaccination in high-risk patients, administering a different vaccine for the second dose in subjects reporting adverse reactions to the first dose, fractional dosing, or pretreating with anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody. The scope of this review is to evaluate, through current evidence available in the literature, the accuracy of skin testing to the excipients of COVID-19 vaccines, especially polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate, in predicting allergic reactions to vaccination, despite the existing discordance of data and approaches to the question from the various clinical experiences, as to permit the safe administration of COVID-19 vaccines to populations around the globe. ,Fabio Viggiani ... Eustachio Nettis [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [28] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1156 [Create_Time] => 2024-02-29 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240229024548.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100929/100929.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100929/100929.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100929/100929_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Food allergy as one of the faces of primary immunodeficiency [Abstract] => Food allergy is characterized by an abnormal immune reaction that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a specific food. This immune response can lead to a variety of symptoms, the prevalence of food [AbstractComplete] =>Food allergy is characterized by an abnormal immune reaction that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a specific food. This immune response can lead to a variety of symptoms, the prevalence of food allergies has increased in recent decades, most likely due to environmental factors that likely play a role in the expression of genetic susceptibility. Recent understanding of the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases has suggested that these atopic diseases may be due to monogenic mutations associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Aspects to be assessed in suspected IEI involve the onset of atopic disease within the initial months of life, the progression of the condition, and the response to conventional therapy. A prospective study was conducted on 385 patients admitted to the clinic with suspected immunodeficiency. Most children were referred for recurrent respiratory infections, but almost half had concurrent atopy (44%), atopy and autoimmunity (3%), autoimmunity (6%) and malignancy (1%). The results of the study underline the importance of the allergic phenotype and suggest that children with more severe allergic diseases should be screened for possible underlying inborn defects of immunity. If a congenital disorder of immunity is suspected, comprehensive immunologic testing is required, and genetic testing is essential to identify the specific genetic abnormalities. Molecular diagnosis provides a comprehensive understanding of congenital immune disorders, allowing tailored interventions and personalized surveillance strategies.
[Names] => Polina Kostova ... Guergana Petrova [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00029 [Published] => February 29, 2024 [Viewed] => 297 [Downloaded] => 19 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00029 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 169 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:65–75 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Food allergy, children, inborn errors of immunity [DetailTitle] => The Different Faces of Food Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/169 [Id] => 100929 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100929/a896c7df139f91e7169e342d52062275.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100929/f2105f6de9ba067798ea8cde3dd8ba07.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Kostova P, Papochieva V, Shahid M, Petrova G. Food allergy as one of the faces of primary immunodeficiency. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:65–75. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00029 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-28 00:44:47 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-28 00:44:47 [KeysWordContens] => Food allergy as one of the faces of primary immunodeficiency, Food allergy, children, inborn errors of immunity, Food allergy is characterized by an abnormal immune reaction that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a specific food. This immune response can lead to a variety of symptoms, the prevalence of food allergies has increased in recent decades, most likely due to environmental factors that likely play a role in the expression of genetic susceptibility. Recent understanding of the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases has suggested that these atopic diseases may be due to monogenic mutations associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Aspects to be assessed in suspected IEI involve the onset of atopic disease within the initial months of life, the progression of the condition, and the response to conventional therapy. A prospective study was conducted on 385 patients admitted to the clinic with suspected immunodeficiency. Most children were referred for recurrent respiratory infections, but almost half had concurrent atopy (44%), atopy and autoimmunity (3%), autoimmunity (6%) and malignancy (1%). The results of the study underline the importance of the allergic phenotype and suggest that children with more severe allergic diseases should be screened for possible underlying inborn defects of immunity. If a congenital disorder of immunity is suspected, comprehensive immunologic testing is required, and genetic testing is essential to identify the specific genetic abnormalities. Molecular diagnosis provides a comprehensive understanding of congenital immune disorders, allowing tailored interventions and personalized surveillance strategies. ,Polina Kostova ... Guergana Petrova [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [29] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1157 [Create_Time] => 2024-02-29 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202402/20240228022126.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100930/100930.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100930/100930.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100930/109930_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic asthma: What’s new? [Abstract] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies, using allergen extracts of proven value, is highly effective in selected patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Both [AbstractComplete] =>Allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies, using allergen extracts of proven value, is highly effective in selected patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Both subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have been shown to modify the underlying cause of the disease, with long-term clinical benefits that persist for years after their discontinuation. Real-world studies have confirmed the long-term efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma and shown a reduction in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. Sublingual house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy has been suggested to improve innate antiviral immunity—a likely explanation for this finding. Based on robust randomized controlled trials, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline has incorporated the use of SILT for the treatment of adults with HDM-driven asthma and concomitant AR, with sub-optimal control, regardless of the use of low-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, as long as the patient’s forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is > 70%.
[Names] => Chiara Asperti ... Stephen R. Durham [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00030 [Published] => February 29, 2024 [Viewed] => 345 [Downloaded] => 33 [Subject] => Mini Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00030 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 1 [Issue] => 1 [Topic] => 99 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:76–84 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Allergen immunotherapy, allergic asthma, prevention, tolerance, sublingual immunotherapy, subcutaneous immunotherapy, house dust mite tablet [DetailTitle] => Precision Medicine in Allergy and Rhinology [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/99 [Id] => 100930 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100930/5b69b31557dce67ca4c3dd6d52ec7a2d.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100930/429b9a3bd1e3c7e152c94302e3b66c4c.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Asperti C, Penagos M, Durham SR. Allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic asthma: What’s new? Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:76–84. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00030 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-02-28 01:00:11 [Bib_Time] => 2024-02-28 01:00:11 [KeysWordContens] => Allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic asthma: What’s new?, Allergen immunotherapy, allergic asthma, prevention, tolerance, sublingual immunotherapy, subcutaneous immunotherapy, house dust mite tablet, Allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies, using allergen extracts of proven value, is highly effective in selected patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Both subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have been shown to modify the underlying cause of the disease, with long-term clinical benefits that persist for years after their discontinuation. Real-world studies have confirmed the long-term efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma and shown a reduction in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. Sublingual house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy has been suggested to improve innate antiviral immunity—a likely explanation for this finding. Based on robust randomized controlled trials, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline has incorporated the use of SILT for the treatment of adults with HDM-driven asthma and concomitant AR, with sub-optimal control, regardless of the use of low-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, as long as the patient’s forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is > 70%. ,Chiara Asperti ... Stephen R. Durham [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [30] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1195 [Create_Time] => 2024-04-02 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202404/20240402085826.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100931/100931.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100931/100931.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100931/100931_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Small airway disease assessed by parameters of small airway dysfunction in patients with asthma, asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-overlap, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract] => Aim: There is an increasing interest in defining the role of small airway disease (SAD) in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma with coexisting COPD. Based on the spec [AbstractComplete] =>There is an increasing interest in defining the role of small airway disease (SAD) in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma with coexisting COPD. Based on the specific pathophysiologic components of small airway dysfunction (SAdf) of these diseases, single lung function parameters characterize only fractional aspects of SAdf and that the phenotypic diagnosis of SAD, and therefore, the functional assessment must be based on more than one parameter, reflecting airway dysfunction, pulmonary hyperinflation (PHI), energy costs, trapped gases, and/or gas transfer disturbances.
The present study was undertaken to define the interactive contribution of several spirometric and plethysmographic parameters such as forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75), effective specific airway resistance (sReff), plethysmographic functional residual capacity (FRC; FRCpleth), the parameter defining PHI, the aerodynamic resistive work of breathing at rest (sWOB), the volume of trapped gas at FRC (VTGFRC), and the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) as the parameter of the gas transfer.
The study clearly demonstrates that the diagnosis of SAD cannot be based on one single lung function parameter, especially not on the spirometric FEF25–75 only. Interestingly, sWOB has a high discriminatory power to define SAD in these diseases.
Within a future framework including functional and treatable traits, it is mandatory to define SAdf parameters diagnosing unambiguously SAD, for a successful concept of precision medicine.
Respiratory changes are often associated with anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). Individuals experiencing PD are subjected to unexpected panic attacks, marked by overwhelming anxiety and fear, leading to a variety of autonomic and respiratory symptoms. PD patients have increased sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2). In response to respiratory stimulants like CO2, patients with PD tend to hyperventilate and panic, triggering the activation of an excessively reactive fear network. While their respiratory physiology may appear normal, the presence of subtle breathing abnormalities and other functions related to bodily homeostasis. This fear network, comprising the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and its connections to the brainstem, seems to be hypersensitive in PD’s patients. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current landscape on the link between PD and respiratory disorders. In July 2023 a literature search was undertaken for articles examining the relationship between PD, respiratory disorders, and psychological implications. Multiple databases were searched: PubMed, PubMed Central, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Elsevier Journal, Health & Medical Collection, and Springer. The analysis of six studies focused on the correlation between PD and asthma revealed important links between these two disorders. Anxiety and panic can have significant impacts on the manifestation and aggravation of asthma. Furthermore, the review indicates that psychological therapeutic approaches, in particular cognitive-behavioral therapy, may represent a valid intervention to improve clinical outcomes in patients suffering from both disorders. Future investigations in this field may help highlight new intervention strategies in the psychological area to help individuals with PD decrease concomitant asthma, significantly improving their quality of life.
[Names] => Graziella Chiara Prezzavento [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00032 [Published] => April 08, 2024 [Viewed] => 151 [Downloaded] => 11 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00032 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 229 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:97–110 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Panic disorder, panic attacks, respiratory disorders, anxiety, asthma, panic management, psychological treatments, consultation-liaison psychiatry [DetailTitle] => Asthma and its Relationship with Psychological and Psychopathological Factors [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/229 [Id] => 100932 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100932/d2369a578178873d4e9a3630d92f7862.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100932/b705dd1f2680ba024529be57f1e60c07.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Prezzavento GC. Catching your breath: unraveling the intricate connection between panic disorder and asthma.Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:97–110. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00032 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-04-08 07:56:13 [Bib_Time] => 2024-04-08 07:56:13 [KeysWordContens] => Catching your breath: unraveling the intricate connection between panic disorder and asthma, Panic disorder, panic attacks, respiratory disorders, anxiety, asthma, panic management, psychological treatments, consultation-liaison psychiatry, Respiratory changes are often associated with anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). Individuals experiencing PD are subjected to unexpected panic attacks, marked by overwhelming anxiety and fear, leading to a variety of autonomic and respiratory symptoms. PD patients have increased sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2). In response to respiratory stimulants like CO2, patients with PD tend to hyperventilate and panic, triggering the activation of an excessively reactive fear network. While their respiratory physiology may appear normal, the presence of subtle breathing abnormalities and other functions related to bodily homeostasis. This fear network, comprising the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and its connections to the brainstem, seems to be hypersensitive in PD’s patients. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current landscape on the link between PD and respiratory disorders. In July 2023 a literature search was undertaken for articles examining the relationship between PD, respiratory disorders, and psychological implications. Multiple databases were searched: PubMed, PubMed Central, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Elsevier Journal, Health & Medical Collection, and Springer. The analysis of six studies focused on the correlation between PD and asthma revealed important links between these two disorders. Anxiety and panic can have significant impacts on the manifestation and aggravation of asthma. Furthermore, the review indicates that psychological therapeutic approaches, in particular cognitive-behavioral therapy, may represent a valid intervention to improve clinical outcomes in patients suffering from both disorders. Future investigations in this field may help highlight new intervention strategies in the psychological area to help individuals with PD decrease concomitant asthma, significantly improving their quality of life. ,Graziella Chiara Prezzavento [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 1 ) [32] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1241 [Create_Time] => 2024-04-16 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202404/20240416011354.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100933/100933.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100933/100933.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100933/100933_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Skin prick test as an approach to guide food introduction while ensuring Crohn’s disease remission in a child [Abstract] => Nutritional therapy through exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is successful with Crohn’s disease (CD), but most patients relapse when returning to a normal diet. Personalized and sustainable diets [AbstractComplete] =>Nutritional therapy through exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is successful with Crohn’s disease (CD), but most patients relapse when returning to a normal diet. Personalized and sustainable diets over time have not been tried. This pioneering case report shows the successful response to the use of a skin prick test (SPT) with a 0.5 mm cutoff and a combination of parameters to guide the diet of a child with CD, ensuring continued remission and a regular diet over a follow-up period of 3 years. The 5-year-old patient had a history of chronic diarrhea. Laboratory showed anemia, hypoalbuminemia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fecal calprotectin (FCP) > 2,100 µg/g. Endoscopies revealed duodenal ulcer scar and ulcerative pancolitis. Simple endoscopic score for CD score (SES-CD) = 16 (severe). Pathology showed CD. EEN started with a polymeric formula, later moving to an elemental formula due to a suboptimal response. Medication included prednisolone, mesalazine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. Foods were introduced guided by the SPT and included 54 protein extracts from food tested every 3–4 months. The patient has clinical and histological remission despite having lamb, turkey, eggs, cereals (including wheat), and fish in his diet. FCP has been measured with every change in diet and maintained at < 100 µg/g with the reintroduction of food, with the exception of fish and eggs which, despite a negative SPT, gave mild symptoms and raised FCP to 223 µg/g. Both eggs and fish were successfully reintroduced (FCP < 100 µg/g) after 7 and 11 months respectively from failed reintroduction. This innovative approach based on SPT and strict clinical and follow-up inflammatory markers can potentially ensure remission, reintroducing foods with objective parameters, and improving the patient’s quality of life.
[Names] => Ana Muñoz-Urribarri [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00033 [Published] => April 15, 2024 [Viewed] => 72 [Downloaded] => 8 [Subject] => Case Report [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00033 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 169 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:111–117 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Crohn’s disease, enteral nutrition, personalized diets, children [DetailTitle] => The Different Faces of Food Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/169 [Id] => 100933 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100933/07340b7124f3664b4133a1287a052beb.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100933/6348ca25490811ac4ec7cc6c163d2d3a.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Muñoz-Urribarri A. Skin prick test as an approach to guide food introduction while ensuring Crohn’s disease remission in a child. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:111–7. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00033 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-04-16 01:13:54 [Bib_Time] => 2024-04-15 05:38:16 [KeysWordContens] => Skin prick test as an approach to guide food introduction while ensuring Crohn’s disease remission in a child, Crohn’s disease, enteral nutrition, personalized diets, children, Nutritional therapy through exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is successful with Crohn’s disease (CD), but most patients relapse when returning to a normal diet. Personalized and sustainable diets over time have not been tried. This pioneering case report shows the successful response to the use of a skin prick test (SPT) with a 0.5 mm cutoff and a combination of parameters to guide the diet of a child with CD, ensuring continued remission and a regular diet over a follow-up period of 3 years. The 5-year-old patient had a history of chronic diarrhea. Laboratory showed anemia, hypoalbuminemia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fecal calprotectin (FCP) > 2,100 µg/g. Endoscopies revealed duodenal ulcer scar and ulcerative pancolitis. Simple endoscopic score for CD score (SES-CD) = 16 (severe). Pathology showed CD. EEN started with a polymeric formula, later moving to an elemental formula due to a suboptimal response. Medication included prednisolone, mesalazine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. Foods were introduced guided by the SPT and included 54 protein extracts from food tested every 3–4 months. The patient has clinical and histological remission despite having lamb, turkey, eggs, cereals (including wheat), and fish in his diet. FCP has been measured with every change in diet and maintained at < 100 µg/g with the reintroduction of food, with the exception of fish and eggs which, despite a negative SPT, gave mild symptoms and raised FCP to 223 µg/g. Both eggs and fish were successfully reintroduced (FCP < 100 µg/g) after 7 and 11 months respectively from failed reintroduction. This innovative approach based on SPT and strict clinical and follow-up inflammatory markers can potentially ensure remission, reintroducing foods with objective parameters, and improving the patient’s quality of life. ,Ana Muñoz-Urribarri [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 56 [Zh] => 0 ) [33] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1251 [Create_Time] => 2024-04-23 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202404/20240423061721.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100935/100935.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100935/100935.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100935/100935_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation [Abstract] => Seaweed, a rich source of bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic applications in allergy and inflammation. This review examines the current scientific lit [AbstractComplete] =>Seaweed, a rich source of bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic applications in allergy and inflammation. This review examines the current scientific literature investigating the effects of seaweed derived food and diet factors on allergic and inflammatory conditions. Seaweed is abundant in polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, and fatty acids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These bioactive compounds have the capacity to modulate immune responses and mitigate allergic reactions, rendering seaweed a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and dietary interventions targeting allergy and inflammation. Explorations into the effects of seaweed consumption on allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis have shown encouraging results. Factors found in seaweed have the potential to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and boost immune function in allergy sufferers. Furthermore, inquiries into the effectiveness of diets incorporating seaweed in preventing and managing chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of seaweed derived compounds are being unraveled, revealing their ability to modulate immune cell activity, regulate cytokine production, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and promote gut microbiota balance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for targeted interventions and the identification of specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed therapeutic effects. Seaweed derived food and diet factors hold significant promise as natural interventions for the prevention and management of allergic and inflammatory conditions. However, further research is required to establish the optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term effects of seaweed-based interventions. Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of seaweed derived compounds and underscores the importance of incorporating seaweed into dietary strategies to combat allergy and inflammation.
[Names] => Leonel Pereira, Ana Valado [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00035 [Published] => April 23, 2024 [Viewed] => 67 [Downloaded] => 5 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00035 [Inline] => 1 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 169 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:127–147 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Seaweed derived, food, diet factors, therapeutic potential, allergy, inflammation, bioactive compounds [DetailTitle] => The Different Faces of Food Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/169 [Id] => 100935 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100935/0c6faeb31bf3c099f819d0207ab3b66f.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100935/b3c3dc81d753463a924ec0b4a84666a8.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => Pereira L, Valado A. Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:127–47. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00035 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-04-18 01:49:15 [Bib_Time] => 2024-04-18 01:49:15 [KeysWordContens] => Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation, Seaweed derived, food, diet factors, therapeutic potential, allergy, inflammation, bioactive compounds, Seaweed, a rich source of bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic applications in allergy and inflammation. This review examines the current scientific literature investigating the effects of seaweed derived food and diet factors on allergic and inflammatory conditions. Seaweed is abundant in polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, and fatty acids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These bioactive compounds have the capacity to modulate immune responses and mitigate allergic reactions, rendering seaweed a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and dietary interventions targeting allergy and inflammation. Explorations into the effects of seaweed consumption on allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis have shown encouraging results. Factors found in seaweed have the potential to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and boost immune function in allergy sufferers. Furthermore, inquiries into the effectiveness of diets incorporating seaweed in preventing and managing chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of seaweed derived compounds are being unraveled, revealing their ability to modulate immune cell activity, regulate cytokine production, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and promote gut microbiota balance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for targeted interventions and the identification of specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed therapeutic effects. Seaweed derived food and diet factors hold significant promise as natural interventions for the prevention and management of allergic and inflammatory conditions. However, further research is required to establish the optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term effects of seaweed-based interventions. Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of seaweed derived compounds and underscores the importance of incorporating seaweed into dietary strategies to combat allergy and inflammation. ,Leonel Pereira, Ana Valado [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 86 [Zh] => 0 ) [34] => Array ( [ArticleId] => 1250 [Create_Time] => 2024-04-19 [zipUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/zip/202404/20240419055329.zip [xmlUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100934/100934.xml [pdfUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100934/100934.pdf [coverUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100934/100934_cover.png [JournalsId] => 10 [Title] => Enhancing asthma care in Kuwait: insights from a modified Delphi-based consensus on the Global Initiative for Asthma 2022 guidelines and management practices [Abstract] => Aim: Asthma represents a significant health burden in Kuwait, with high prevalence rates among adults and children. Most asthma patients rely on government healthcare facilities for management, s [AbstractComplete] =>Asthma represents a significant health burden in Kuwait, with high prevalence rates among adults and children. Most asthma patients rely on government healthcare facilities for management, so there is a pressing need to optimize asthma care and treatment strategies. A cross-sectional paper-based survey was conducted to gather insights from allergists and pulmonologists across various healthcare facilities in Kuwait.
Twenty-six medical professionals participated, sharing their perspectives on asthma management practices and adherence to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2022 guidelines through answering a modified single round Delphi survey.
A high level of consensus on the practicality of guideline changes and the importance of spirometry in diagnosis were reported. However, agreement varied regarding optimal management strategies and medication preferences, indicating areas of divergence among experts. Notably, while there was strong support for inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) therapy during exacerbations, opinions differed on the use of short-acting β2 agonist (SABA) inhalers as rescue medication. Additionally, the study highlighted challenges in achieving higher levels of agreement, particularly regarding the frequency of inhaler technique checks and specialist referrals for severe asthma cases.
This study provided valuable insights into current asthma management practices in Kuwait and identified opportunities for consensus-driven strategies aligned with GINA guidelines. By incorporating diverse perspectives from expert allergists and pulmonologists, it contributed to the enhancement of asthma care and patient outcomes in Kuwaiti healthcare settings.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an allergic disorder that manifests as reproducible gastrointestinal symptoms within hours of ingestion of the causative food, which can progress to dehydration and hypotension. Historically, FPIES has been recognized as a disease affecting the pediatric population but it can also develop de novo in adults. The pathophysiology is not well understood; however, the local adaptive immune system and gene expression linked to innate immune activation are implicated. Adult-onset FPIES has some differences with pediatric FPIES. Vomiting may be absent, while abdominal pain is the most common manifestation. A clear predominance in women occurs, being seafood the most common trigger, although many other foods have also been implicated. Diagnosis of adult-onset FPIES is based on a thorough clinical history but in many cases, it should be followed by an oral food challenge (OFC), due to the absence of vomiting in some patients and the lack of confirmatory diagnostic test. The first-line treatment for acute FPIES reactions is fluid replacement, by the oral route in mild to moderate reactions or via the intravenous route in severe reactions. Ondansetron may be effective in shortening the duration of emesis. Management of patients after diagnosis includes dietary advice and follow-up with supervised OFC at regular intervals to monitor for resolution. Tolerance to the trigger food in children is commonly achieved, a finding not so common in adult-onset FPIES. The aim of this article is to review the most important current concepts in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FPIES.
[Names] => Purificación González-Delgado ... Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn [Doi] => 10.37349/eaa.2024.00036 [Published] => April 23, 2024 [Viewed] => 7 [Downloaded] => 1 [Subject] => Review [Year] => 2024 [CiteUrl] => https://api.crossref.org/works/10.37349/eaa.2024.00036 [Inline] => 0 [Type] => 0 [Issue] => [Topic] => 169 [TitleAbbr] => Explor Asthma Allergy. [Pages] => 2024;2:148–160 [Recommend] => 0 [Keywords] => Food protein-induced enterocolitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, adult food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, non-immunoglobulin E mediated food allergy, irritable bowel disease [DetailTitle] => The Different Faces of Food Allergy [DetailUrl] => https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Special_Issues/169 [Id] => 100936 [ris] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100936/1fc0206c5c731956a7512ffbeeac3591.ris [bib] => https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100936/f88455611f8b1f33f1d1789fe9dc4ccd.bib [ens] => [Cited] => 0 [Cited_Time] => [CitethisArticle] => González-Delgado P, Entrala A, Nuñez-Orjales R, Marchan E, Fernández J, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in adults: review and practice recommendations. Explor Asthma Allergy. 2024;2:148–60. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00036 [Jindex] => 0 [CName] => [CEmail] => [Ris_Time] => 2024-04-22 03:34:35 [Bib_Time] => 2024-04-22 03:34:35 [KeysWordContens] => Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in adults: review and practice recommendations, Food protein-induced enterocolitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, adult food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, non-immunoglobulin E mediated food allergy, irritable bowel disease, Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an allergic disorder that manifests as reproducible gastrointestinal symptoms within hours of ingestion of the causative food, which can progress to dehydration and hypotension. Historically, FPIES has been recognized as a disease affecting the pediatric population but it can also develop de novo in adults. The pathophysiology is not well understood; however, the local adaptive immune system and gene expression linked to innate immune activation are implicated. Adult-onset FPIES has some differences with pediatric FPIES. Vomiting may be absent, while abdominal pain is the most common manifestation. A clear predominance in women occurs, being seafood the most common trigger, although many other foods have also been implicated. Diagnosis of adult-onset FPIES is based on a thorough clinical history but in many cases, it should be followed by an oral food challenge (OFC), due to the absence of vomiting in some patients and the lack of confirmatory diagnostic test. The first-line treatment for acute FPIES reactions is fluid replacement, by the oral route in mild to moderate reactions or via the intravenous route in severe reactions. Ondansetron may be effective in shortening the duration of emesis. Management of patients after diagnosis includes dietary advice and follow-up with supervised OFC at regular intervals to monitor for resolution. Tolerance to the trigger food in children is commonly achieved, a finding not so common in adult-onset FPIES. The aim of this article is to review the most important current concepts in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FPIES. ,Purificación González-Delgado ... Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn [PublishedText] => Published [IsEdit] => 0 [AccountId] => 38 [Zh] => 0 ) )