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    Colon Controlled Microbiome Function: Role, Impact, Structure, Pathogenetic Significance, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Management

    Submission Deadline: May 10, 2022

    Guest Editor

    Dr. Alexander Swidsinski E-Mail

    Director of Molecular-genetic Laboratory for Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms, CCM, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany


    About the Special Issue

    The intestinal microbiota is generally regarded as something brought in and acting on its own.

    Using next generation sequencing and metagenomics abundant data have been collected over the last 10-20 years illuminating the decisive impact of gut microbiome on human health and disease. However, the vast majority of these studies regard intestinal microbiota as independent players shaping and acting within colonic habitat on their own. This attitude hampers our understanding of mutual relationship leaving many questions unanswered:

    1.  Why concentrations of microorganisms in the colon are unprecedented, cannot be found anywhere in nature or replicated in vitro; regardless of the growth conditions chosen?

    2.  How is it possible that the composition of the colon microbiome remains extremely stable for months and even years in the main component, regardless of diet changes and feeding regimes?

    3.  Why and how each vertebrate species maintain its own microbial profile, even when given similar food products?

    4.  What exactly happens to the microbiome and its individual components in a specific colon dysfunction, how and why?

    5.  How can individual disorders of the colon microbiome be prevented or treated?

    The aim of the proposed topic is to reveal the mechanisms by which the colon maintains and shapes its microbiome and its impact on health and disease. This special issue will include primary research papers and reviews.

    Keywords: polymicrobials, mucus barrier, IBD, colonic bioreactor, colonic microbiome

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    Published Articles

    Open Access
    Review
    Let’s review the gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New evidence suggests that diet, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability [...] Read more.

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New evidence suggests that diet, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and endotoxemia may modulate chronic inflammation and disease activity in SLE. This review focus on what is known about the gut microbiota in lupus mouse models and SLE patients and the possible mechanisms that connect the gut microbiota with SLE. It included 29 studies (12 animal studies, 15 human studies, and 2 included data on both), with variable results regarding alpha and beta-diversity and gut microbiota composition between lupus-mouse models and SLE patients. Ruminococcus (R.) gnavus was significantly increased in lupus nephritis (LN) in one study, but this was not corroborated by others. Despite the different results, mechanistic lupus mouse model studies have shown that gut microbiota can modulate disease activity. Interestingly, pathobiont translocation in monocolonized and autoimmune-prone mice induced autoantibodies and caused mortality, which could be prevented by a vaccine targeting the pathobiont. Moreover, studies on fecal transplants and diet on different lupus mouse models showed an effect on disease activity. In SLE patients, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower disease activity, which may be explained by the connection between diet and gut microbiota. Although gut dysbiosis has been observed in SLE patients and lupus mouse models, it remains to clarify if it is a cause or a consequence of the disease or its treatments. Further studies with larger and well-characterized populations will undoubtedly contribute to deciphering the role of gut microbiota in SLE development, progression, and outcome.

    Inês Almada-Correia ... João Eurico Fonseca
    Published: December 26, 2022 Explor Med. 2022;3:540–560
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2022.00112
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    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New evidence suggests that diet, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and endotoxemia may modulate chronic inflammation and disease activity in SLE. This review focus on what is known about the gut microbiota in lupus mouse models and SLE patients and the possible mechanisms that connect the gut microbiota with SLE. It included 29 studies (12 animal studies, 15 human studies, and 2 included data on both), with variable results regarding alpha and beta-diversity and gut microbiota composition between lupus-mouse models and SLE patients. Ruminococcus (R.) gnavus was significantly increased in lupus nephritis (LN) in one study, but this was not corroborated by others. Despite the different results, mechanistic lupus mouse model studies have shown that gut microbiota can modulate disease activity. Interestingly, pathobiont translocation in monocolonized and autoimmune-prone mice induced autoantibodies and caused mortality, which could be prevented by a vaccine targeting the pathobiont. Moreover, studies on fecal transplants and diet on different lupus mouse models showed an effect on disease activity. In SLE patients, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower disease activity, which may be explained by the connection between diet and gut microbiota. Although gut dysbiosis has been observed in SLE patients and lupus mouse models, it remains to clarify if it is a cause or a consequence of the disease or its treatments. Further studies with larger and well-characterized populations will undoubtedly contribute to deciphering the role of gut microbiota in SLE development, progression, and outcome.

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    • Ongoing Special Issues
      The Role of Repetitive DNA Elements in the Development and Progression of Human Disease
      Colon Controlled Microbiome Function: Role, Impact, Structure, Pathogenetic Significance, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Management
      The Role of Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites in Gastrointestinal Diseases
      Recent Advances in Hypertension
      Disease Diagnosis, Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis
      Perspectives on Causal Mechanisms, Prevention and Management of Pediatric Obesity and Related Comorbidities
      Beyond Weed: Clinical Applications of Cannabis and Cannabinoids
      The Biological Basis of Substance Use Disorders
      Nanomedicine and Cancer Immunotherapy
      Exploring Aortic Disease
      Cellular Models for In Vitro Modeling of Parkinson’s Disease
      Role of Microbiome in Ocular Diseases
      Advances in Wound Healing
      Determinants of Exceptional Longevity
      Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Autophagy in Human Diseases
      RNA World in Health and Disease
      Lung Fibrosis—Models and Mechanisms
      Exploration of 3D and 4D Printing in the Biomedical and Personalized Medicine Fields: Merits and Challenges
      Biomaterials and Biomarkers in Dentistry: Up to Date
      Gut Microbiota Derived Metabolites and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
      Vitamin D—Current and the Future
      Emerging Infectious Diseases
      Applications of Radiomics in Precision Medicine
      Functional Biomaterials and Tumor Immunotherapy
      Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Advances
      Advances in the Identification and Mechanisms of Action of Luminal Compounds Involved in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
      Drug Adherence in Hypertension
    • Completed Special Issues
      Exploring NAFLD/NASH
      Digital Biomarkers: The New Frontier for Medicine and Research
      Exploring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
      Angiotensins—A Century of Progress
      Exploring Chronic Liver Disease
      Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Pathophysiological Conditions
      Techniques in Repurposing and Targeted Delivery: Bringing a New Life to Shelved Drugs
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