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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Explor Digit Health Technol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">EDHT</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Exploration of Digital Health Technologies</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2996-9409</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Open Exploration Publishing</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37349/edht.2025.101144</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">101144</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>AI in biomedical science: innovations, challenges, and ethical perspectives</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4261</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Aliyeva</surname>
<given-names>Aynur</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
<role content-type="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/">Investigation</role>
<role content-type="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/">Writing—original draft</role>
<role content-type="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing—review &amp; editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Manjunatha</surname>
<given-names>J. G.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Academic Editor</role>
<aff>Mangalore University, India</aff>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1">
<sup>1</sup>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea</aff>
<aff id="I2">
<sup>2</sup>Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">
<bold>
<sup>*</sup>Correspondence:</bold> Aynur Aliyeva, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea. <email>dr.aynuraliyeva86@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<elocation-id>101144</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>25</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2024</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>01</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2025.</copyright-statement>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p id="absp-1">Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly influences biomedical scientific writing and clinical practice. The recent article by Fornalik et al. (Explor Digit Health Technol. 2024;2:235–48. doi: 10.37349/edht.2024.00024) explores AI’s capabilities, challenges, and ethical considerations in scientific communication, particularly highlighting tools like ChatGPT and Penelope.ai. This commentary aims to reflect on and expand the key themes presented by Fornalik et al. (Explor Digit Health Technol. 2024;2:235–48. doi: 10.37349/edht.2024.00024), emphasizing AI’s role in auditory healthcare, particularly in otolaryngology and auditory rehabilitation. The discussion is based on a critical review and synthesis of recent literature on AI applications in scientific writing and auditory healthcare. Key technologies such as generative AI platforms, machine learning algorithms, and mobile-based auditory training systems are highlighted. AI has shown promising results in enhancing manuscript preparation, literature synthesis, and peer review workflows. In clinical practice, adaptive AI models have improved cochlear implant programming, leading to up to 30% gains in speech perception accuracy. Mobile apps and telehealth platforms using AI have also improved listening effort, communication confidence, and access to care in remote settings. However, limitations include data privacy concerns, lack of population diversity in datasets, and the need for clinician oversight. AI presents transformative opportunities across biomedical science and healthcare. To ensure its responsible use, interdisciplinary collaboration among clinicians, researchers, ethicists, and technologists is essential. Such collaboration can help develop ethical frameworks that enhance innovation while safeguarding patient well-being and scientific integrity.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
<kwd>biomedical science</kwd>
<kwd>auditory rehabilitation</kwd>
<kwd>neurotechnology</kwd>
<kwd>ChatGPT</kwd>
<kwd>healthcare ethics</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="s1">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p id="p-1">I am writing to express my appreciation for the recently published article “Rise of the machines: trends and challenges of implementing AI in biomedical scientific writing”, by Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. The manuscript explores the advancements, challenges, and ethical considerations of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical writing. Its discussion of AI’s capabilities, such as text generation, literature synthesis, and enhanced peer-review processes, is timely and thought-provoking.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2">
<title>Expanding on key themes</title>
<p id="p-2">This discussion resonates with key aspects of AI implementation that have emerged in recent literature. For instance, the author emphasizes the integration of ChatGPT and its potential role in transforming scientific communication. Similarly, the study identifies critical challenges like plagiarism detection and the risks of biased outputs, which echo broader concerns within the medical community [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. The authors highlight the growing prevalence of ChatGPT as a generative AI tool, underscoring its ability to generate, paraphrase, and refine text effectively. Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] discuss tools like Penelope.ai, which streamline manuscript reviews, check compliance with journal standards, and elaborate on AI’s limitations in maintaining the scientific rigor and ethics required for publishing [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3">
<title>Clinical integration in otolaryngology and real-world impact</title>
<p id="p-3">Beyond the manuscript, the findings align with others’ contributions to AI in otolaryngology. The ethical challenges of integrating AI tools like ChatGPT into medical research and patient care were analyzed. These tools show potential in patient education and manuscript preparation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>].</p>
<p id="p-4">The study by Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] highlights the transformative potential of AI in biomedical scientific writing and its implications across various facets of healthcare and research. This perspective aligns with recent advancements in integrating AI into otolaryngology and auditory rehabilitation, where AI has demonstrated its capacity to enhance clinical and technological practices [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>].</p>
<p id="p-5">One significant intersection of AI and biomedical innovation lies in integrating neurotechnology and medical devices—particularly in auditory rehabilitation. Recent advancements have seen the application of AI algorithms in optimizing cochlear implant programming through adaptive learning models and neural network-based sound processing. These approaches enable real-time customization of auditory input based on patient-specific hearing profiles, leading to measurable improvements in speech perception and auditory comprehension. For instance, studies utilizing deep learning techniques have demonstrated up to a 25–30% improvement in word recognition scores among post-implantation users, especially in noisy environments [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>].</p>
<p id="p-6">Moreover, AI-powered mobile applications for auditory training now incorporate personalized feedback loops, voice recognition, and gamified exercises to engage users and enhance neuroplasticity. These tools not only offer accessible rehabilitation for remote or underserved populations but have also shown statistically significant gains in patient-reported listening effort and communication confidence. Similarly, telehealth platforms and AI-integrated social media applications provide continuous monitoring and adjustment, further reinforcing their practical utility. This convergence of AI and auditory healthcare directly complements the themes addressed by Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>], particularly regarding AI’s role in streamlining clinical workflows, enhancing accessibility, and reinforcing patient-centered innovation in biomedical science [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s4">
<title>Limitations</title>
<p id="p-7">Despite its promise, the implementation of AI in auditory healthcare faces limitations such as data privacy concerns, limited generalizability across diverse patient populations, and the need for clinician oversight to validate algorithmic decisions. Current models often rely on datasets that may not capture the complexity of real-world auditory disorders. Future advancements will likely focus on integrating multimodal AI systems with brain-computer interfaces and wearable devices to enable fully personalized, adaptive auditory rehabilitation solutions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s5">
<title>Conclusion and forward perspective</title>
<p id="p-8">Furthermore, the application of generative AI tools in postoperative care highlights the value of AI in delivering accurate, timely, and comprehensible information to patients. This capability is particularly impactful in resource-limited settings, where traditional healthcare access may be constrained. The emphasis on transparency and ethical issues in AI usage, as discussed by Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>], aligns with these real-world applications, reinforcing the need for robust guidelines to ensure AI’s reliability and integrity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>].</p>
<p id="p-9">These studies underscore AI’s role as a catalyst for innovation in clinical practice and scientific communication. The themes explored by Fornalik et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] resonate strongly with advancements in auditory healthcare, reinforcing the importance of collaboration and ethical oversight to fully realize the potential of AI-driven technologies in medicine and research.</p>
<p id="p-10">Interdisciplinary collaboration among clinicians, researchers, ethicists, and technologists is essential to ensure ethical implementation and maximize AI’s benefits. Such collaboration will foster the development of responsible frameworks that support innovation while safeguarding patient welfare and scientific integrity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows AI’s diverse and evolving applications in auditory healthcare and scientific communication, emphasizing its transformative impact on clinical decision-making, remote rehabilitation, manuscript development, and ethical innovation.</p>
<table-wrap id="t1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p id="t1-p-1">
<bold>Overview of artificial intelligence applications in auditory healthcare and scientific communication</bold>
</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
<bold>Domain</bold>
</th>
<th>
<bold>AI application</bold>
</th>
<th>
<bold>Details/technologies involved</bold>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Scientific communication</td>
<td>- Manuscript drafting and editing<break />- Peer review optimization<break />- Plagiarism detection</td>
<td>- ChatGPT, Claude 3, and other generative large language models (LLMs) for generating and refining scientific text<break />- Penelope.ai and Scholarcy for formatting, compliance, and readability checks<break />- AI-powered plagiarism detection tools (e.g., iThenticate, Turnitin AI) ensure originality</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Clinical practice (otolaryngology)</td>
<td>- AI-assisted cochlear implant (CI) mapping<break />- Diagnostic support for audiological disorders<break />- Surgical planning and risk assessment</td>
<td>- Deep neural networks (DNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for speech sound classification<break />- AI-driven optimization of CI parameters via real-time auditory feedback<break />- Machine learning in imaging analysis for middle ear pathology and tumor detection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mobile and telehealth applications</td>
<td>- AI-based auditory rehabilitation<break />- Remote monitoring and therapy<break />- Virtual audiometry platforms</td>
<td>- AI-enabled mobile apps (e.g., HearCoach, Amptify) with adaptive training modules<break />- Natural language processing (NLP) for speech feedback and assessment<break />- Gamification strategies to promote adherence and cortical plasticity<break />- Voice biomarker analysis for early detection of hearing decline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ethical and future perspectives</td>
<td>- Development of ethical frameworks<break />- AI transparency and explainability<break />- Cross-disciplinary innovation</td>
<td>- Algorithmic audit systems to ensure bias minimization and fairness<break />- Involvement of ethics boards and institutional review in AI deployment<break />- Integration of wearable devices and brain-computer interfaces for closed-loop hearing systems<break />- Responsible AI (RAI) frameworks for regulatory and clinical compliance</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<p id="p-11">Thank you for bringing this essential discussion to light. I hope my reflections and additional insights contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the responsible and innovative use of AI in scientific communication.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<glossary>
<title>Abbreviations</title>
<def-list>
<def-item>
<term>AI</term>
<def>
<p>artificial intelligence</p>
</def>
</def-item>
</def-list>
</glossary>
<sec id="s6">
<title>Declarations</title>
<sec id="t-6-1">
<title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>ChatGPT and Grammarly were used to correct grammar and style in the preparation of this manuscript.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-2">
<title>Author contributions</title>
<p>AA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review &amp; editing.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-3" sec-type="COI-statement">
<title>Conflicts of interest</title>
<p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-4">
<title>Ethical approval</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-5">
<title>Consent to participate</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-6">
<title>Consent to publication</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-7" sec-type="data-availability">
<title>Availability of data and materials</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-8">
<title>Funding</title>
<p>Not applicable.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="t-6-9">
<title>Copyright</title>
<p>© The Author(s) 2025.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="s7">
<title>Publisher’s note</title>
<p>Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.</p>
</sec>
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