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Open Access

Original Article

Fabrication of anthracite-derived multicolor graphene quantum dots for their potential application in nanomedicine

Aim: This study aims to discover an alternative precursor with abundant source and low cost for multicolor graphene quantum dots (GQDs) preparation and application. Methods: In the current [...] Read more.

Aim:

This study aims to discover an alternative precursor with abundant source and low cost for multicolor graphene quantum dots (GQDs) preparation and application.

Methods:

In the current study, anthracite-derived multicolor GQDs were prepared at different reaction temperatures (100°–150°C), referring to the GQDs 100, GQDs 120, GQDs 130, and GQDs 150.

Results:

The GQDs 100, GQDs 120, GQDs 130, and GQDs 150 solutions were found to be orange-red, yellow-green, green, and blue under 365 nm excitation UV (ultraviolet) lamp, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests high temperature intensifies oxidation of the amorphous sp³ carbon, resulting in GQDs with higher crystalline structure (Csp²). Compared with the GQDs 100 and GQDs 120, the GQDs 130 and GQDs 150 showed much better biocompatibility, which may attribute to their higher Csp² composition and smaller size.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that GQDs 130 and GQDs 150 are ideal candidates for nanomedicine applications, e.g., drug/gene delivery and bio-imaging, etc.

Hongyu Pan, Jiahe Chen, Weifeng Zhang, Liuhao Chen, Ji Young Yoon, Bin Li, Kai Yu

Published: January 01, 2024 Explor BioMat-X. 2024;1:14–22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ebmx.2023.00003

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Open Access

Original Article

Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with surface-modified silica studied by ultra-high frequency acoustic wave biosensor

Aim: This study aimed to examine the amount of surface non-specific adsorption, or fouling, observed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) on a quartz crystal based acoustic wave biosensor un [...] Read more.

Aim:

This study aimed to examine the amount of surface non-specific adsorption, or fouling, observed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) on a quartz crystal based acoustic wave biosensor under different flow conditions with and without an anti-fouling layer.

Methods:

An electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor (EMPAS) based on electrode free quartz crystals was used to perform the analysis. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was flowed over the crystal surface at various flow rates from 50 μL/min to 200 μL/min, with measurements being taken at the 43rd harmonic (~864 MHz). The crystal was either unmodified, or modified with a monoethylene glycol [2-(3-silylpropyloxy)-hydroxy-ethyl (MEG-OH)] anti-fouling layer. Overnight culture of P. aeruginosa PAO1 (PAO1) in lysogeny broth (LB) was injected into the system, and flow maintained for 30 min.

Results:

The frequency change of the EMPAS crystal after injection of bacteria into the system was found to change based on the flow rate of buffer, suggesting the flow rate has a strong effect on the level of non-specific adsorption. The MEG-OH layer drastically reduced the level of fouling observed under all flow conditions, as well as reduced the amount of variation between experiments. Flow rates of 150 μL/min or higher were found to best reduce the level of fouling observed as well as experimental variation.

Conclusions:

The MEG-OH anti-fouling layer is important for accurate and reproducible biosensing measurements due to the reduced fouling and variation during experiments. Additionally, a flow rate of 150 μL/min may prove better for measurement compared to the current standard of 50 μL/min for this type of instrument.